Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

Sharks (Selachimorpha) are iconic marine predators that have survived multiple mass extinctions over geologic time. Their prolific fossil record is represented mainly by isolated shed teeth, which provide the basis for reconstructing deep time diversity changes affecting different selachimorph clade...

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Autores principales:	Mohamad Bazzi, Nicolás E Campione, Per E Ahlberg, Henning Blom, Benjamin P Kear
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3e566cd683da43beb21e61ecb855a98c
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:3e566cd683da43beb21e61ecb855a98c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3e566cd683da43beb21e61ecb855a98c2021-12-02T19:54:40ZTooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.3001108https://doaj.org/article/3e566cd683da43beb21e61ecb855a98c2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001108https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Sharks (Selachimorpha) are iconic marine predators that have survived multiple mass extinctions over geologic time. Their prolific fossil record is represented mainly by isolated shed teeth, which provide the basis for reconstructing deep time diversity changes affecting different selachimorph clades. By contrast, corresponding shifts in shark ecology, as measured through morphological disparity, have received comparatively limited analytical attention. Here, we use a geometric morphometric approach to comprehensively examine tooth morphologies in multiple shark lineages traversing the catastrophic end-Cretaceous mass extinction-this event terminated the Mesozoic Era 66 million years ago. Our results show that selachimorphs maintained virtually static levels of dental disparity in most of their constituent clades across the Cretaceous-Paleogene interval. Nevertheless, selective extinctions did impact apex predator species characterized by triangular blade-like teeth. This is particularly evident among lamniforms, which included the dominant Cretaceous anacoracids. Conversely, other groups, such as carcharhiniforms and orectolobiforms, experienced disparity modifications, while heterodontiforms, hexanchiforms, squaliforms, squatiniforms, and †synechodontiforms were not overtly affected. Finally, while some lamniform lineages disappeared, others underwent postextinction disparity increases, especially odontaspidids, which are typified by narrow-cusped teeth adapted for feeding on fishes. Notably, this increase coincides with the early Paleogene radiation of teleosts as a possible prey source, and the geographic relocation of disparity sampling "hotspots," perhaps indicating a regionally disjunct extinction recovery. Ultimately, our study reveals a complex morphological response to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and highlights an event that influenced the evolution of modern sharks.Mohamad BazziNicolás E CampionePer E AhlbergHenning BlomBenjamin P KearPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 19, Iss 8, p e3001108 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Mohamad Bazzi Nicolás E Campione Per E Ahlberg Henning Blom Benjamin P Kear Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
description	Sharks (Selachimorpha) are iconic marine predators that have survived multiple mass extinctions over geologic time. Their prolific fossil record is represented mainly by isolated shed teeth, which provide the basis for reconstructing deep time diversity changes affecting different selachimorph clades. By contrast, corresponding shifts in shark ecology, as measured through morphological disparity, have received comparatively limited analytical attention. Here, we use a geometric morphometric approach to comprehensively examine tooth morphologies in multiple shark lineages traversing the catastrophic end-Cretaceous mass extinction-this event terminated the Mesozoic Era 66 million years ago. Our results show that selachimorphs maintained virtually static levels of dental disparity in most of their constituent clades across the Cretaceous-Paleogene interval. Nevertheless, selective extinctions did impact apex predator species characterized by triangular blade-like teeth. This is particularly evident among lamniforms, which included the dominant Cretaceous anacoracids. Conversely, other groups, such as carcharhiniforms and orectolobiforms, experienced disparity modifications, while heterodontiforms, hexanchiforms, squaliforms, squatiniforms, and †synechodontiforms were not overtly affected. Finally, while some lamniform lineages disappeared, others underwent postextinction disparity increases, especially odontaspidids, which are typified by narrow-cusped teeth adapted for feeding on fishes. Notably, this increase coincides with the early Paleogene radiation of teleosts as a possible prey source, and the geographic relocation of disparity sampling "hotspots," perhaps indicating a regionally disjunct extinction recovery. Ultimately, our study reveals a complex morphological response to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction and highlights an event that influenced the evolution of modern sharks.
format	article
author	Mohamad Bazzi Nicolás E Campione Per E Ahlberg Henning Blom Benjamin P Kear
author_facet	Mohamad Bazzi Nicolás E Campione Per E Ahlberg Henning Blom Benjamin P Kear
author_sort	Mohamad Bazzi
title	Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
title_short	Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
title_full	Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
title_fullStr	Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
title_full_unstemmed	Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
title_sort	tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-cretaceous mass extinction.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3e566cd683da43beb21e61ecb855a98c
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohamadbazzi toothmorphologyelucidatessharkevolutionacrosstheendcretaceousmassextinction AT nicolasecampione toothmorphologyelucidatessharkevolutionacrosstheendcretaceousmassextinction AT pereahlberg toothmorphologyelucidatessharkevolutionacrosstheendcretaceousmassextinction AT henningblom toothmorphologyelucidatessharkevolutionacrosstheendcretaceousmassextinction AT benjaminpkear toothmorphologyelucidatessharkevolutionacrosstheendcretaceousmassextinction
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Tooth morphology elucidates shark evolution across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

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