Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems

ABSTRACT Multidrug efflux systems are a major cause of resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria, including those pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. These proteins are ubiquitous in these pathogens, and five families of bacterial multidrug efflux systems have been identified to date. By using...

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Autores principales:	Karl A. Hassan, Qi Liu, Peter J. F. Henderson, Ian T. Paulsen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ea846d49c5e4c02aff7e7b3d6dc70bf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ea846d49c5e4c02aff7e7b3d6dc70bf2021-11-15T15:41:19ZHomologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems10.1128/mBio.01982-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/3ea846d49c5e4c02aff7e7b3d6dc70bf2015-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01982-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Multidrug efflux systems are a major cause of resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria, including those pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. These proteins are ubiquitous in these pathogens, and five families of bacterial multidrug efflux systems have been identified to date. By using transcriptomic and biochemical analyses, we recently identified the novel AceI (Acinetobacter chlorhexidine efflux) protein from Acinetobacter baumannii that conferred resistance to the biocide chlorhexidine, via an active efflux mechanism. Proteins homologous to AceI are encoded in the genomes of many other bacterial species and are particularly prominent within proteobacterial lineages. In this study, we expressed 23 homologs of AceI and examined their resistance and/or transport profiles. MIC analyses demonstrated that, like AceI, many of the homologs conferred resistance to chlorhexidine. Many of the AceI homologs conferred resistance to additional biocides, including benzalkonium, dequalinium, proflavine, and acriflavine. We conducted fluorimetric transport assays using the AceI homolog from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and confirmed that resistance to both proflavine and acriflavine was mediated by an active efflux mechanism. These results show that this group of AceI homologs represent a new family of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps, which we have designated the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family of transport proteins. IMPORTANCE Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are an important class of resistance determinants that can be found in every bacterial genome sequenced to date. These transport proteins have important protective functions for the bacterial cell but are a significant problem in the clinical setting, since a single efflux system can mediate resistance to many structurally and mechanistically diverse antibiotics and biocides. In this study, we demonstrate that proteins related to the Acinetobacter baumannii AceI transporter are a new class of multidrug efflux systems which are very common in Proteobacteria: the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family. This is the first new family of multidrug efflux pumps to be described in 15 years.Karl A. HassanQi LiuPeter J. F. HendersonIan T. PaulsenAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Karl A. Hassan Qi Liu Peter J. F. Henderson Ian T. Paulsen Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems
description	ABSTRACT Multidrug efflux systems are a major cause of resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria, including those pathogenic to humans, animals, and plants. These proteins are ubiquitous in these pathogens, and five families of bacterial multidrug efflux systems have been identified to date. By using transcriptomic and biochemical analyses, we recently identified the novel AceI (Acinetobacter chlorhexidine efflux) protein from Acinetobacter baumannii that conferred resistance to the biocide chlorhexidine, via an active efflux mechanism. Proteins homologous to AceI are encoded in the genomes of many other bacterial species and are particularly prominent within proteobacterial lineages. In this study, we expressed 23 homologs of AceI and examined their resistance and/or transport profiles. MIC analyses demonstrated that, like AceI, many of the homologs conferred resistance to chlorhexidine. Many of the AceI homologs conferred resistance to additional biocides, including benzalkonium, dequalinium, proflavine, and acriflavine. We conducted fluorimetric transport assays using the AceI homolog from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and confirmed that resistance to both proflavine and acriflavine was mediated by an active efflux mechanism. These results show that this group of AceI homologs represent a new family of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps, which we have designated the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family of transport proteins. IMPORTANCE Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are an important class of resistance determinants that can be found in every bacterial genome sequenced to date. These transport proteins have important protective functions for the bacterial cell but are a significant problem in the clinical setting, since a single efflux system can mediate resistance to many structurally and mechanistically diverse antibiotics and biocides. In this study, we demonstrate that proteins related to the Acinetobacter baumannii AceI transporter are a new class of multidrug efflux systems which are very common in Proteobacteria: the proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family. This is the first new family of multidrug efflux pumps to be described in 15 years.
format	article
author	Karl A. Hassan Qi Liu Peter J. F. Henderson Ian T. Paulsen
author_facet	Karl A. Hassan Qi Liu Peter J. F. Henderson Ian T. Paulsen
author_sort	Karl A. Hassan
title	Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems
title_short	Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems
title_full	Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems
title_fullStr	Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems
title_full_unstemmed	Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems
title_sort	homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> acei transporter represent a new family of bacterial multidrug efflux systems
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ea846d49c5e4c02aff7e7b3d6dc70bf
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Homologs of the <named-content content-type="genus-species">Acinetobacter baumannii</named-content> AceI Transporter Represent a New Family of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Systems

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