Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).

This study, based in San Bernardino County, Southern California, collected and examined tap water samples within the area to explore the feasibility of adopting non-industrial equipment and methods to reduce water hardness and total dissolved solids(TDS). We investigated how water quality could be i...

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Autor principal:	Bill B Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ebf770f4d354c5882b5d6eb0d910ee9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ebf770f4d354c5882b5d6eb0d910ee92021-12-02T20:14:05ZResearch on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257865https://doaj.org/article/3ebf770f4d354c5882b5d6eb0d910ee92021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257865https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203This study, based in San Bernardino County, Southern California, collected and examined tap water samples within the area to explore the feasibility of adopting non-industrial equipment and methods to reduce water hardness and total dissolved solids(TDS). We investigated how water quality could be improved by utilizing water boiling, activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate additives, as well as electrolysis methods. The results show that heating is effective at lower temperatures rather than long boils, as none of the boiling tests were lower than the original value. Activated carbon is unable to lower TDS, because it is unable to bind to any impurities present in the water. This resulted in an overall TDS increase of 3.5%. However, adding small amounts of sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3) will further eliminate water hardness by reacting with magnesium ions and improve taste, while increasing the pH. When added to room temperature tap water, there is a continuous increase in TDS of 24.8% at the 30 mg/L mark. The new findings presented in this study showed that electrolysis was the most successful method in eliminating TDS, showing an inverse proportion where an increasing electrical current and duration of electrical lowers more amounts of solids. This method created a maximum decrease in TDS by a maximum of 22.7%, with 3 tests resulting in 15.3-16.6% decreases. Furthermore, when water is heated to a temperature around 50°C (122°F), a decrease in TDS of around 16% was also shown. The reduction of these solids will help lower water hardness and improve the taste of tap water. These results will help direct residents to drink more tap water rather than bottled water with similar taste and health benefits for a cheaper price as well as a reduction on plastic usage.Bill B WangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257865 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bill B Wang Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).
description	This study, based in San Bernardino County, Southern California, collected and examined tap water samples within the area to explore the feasibility of adopting non-industrial equipment and methods to reduce water hardness and total dissolved solids(TDS). We investigated how water quality could be improved by utilizing water boiling, activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate additives, as well as electrolysis methods. The results show that heating is effective at lower temperatures rather than long boils, as none of the boiling tests were lower than the original value. Activated carbon is unable to lower TDS, because it is unable to bind to any impurities present in the water. This resulted in an overall TDS increase of 3.5%. However, adding small amounts of sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3) will further eliminate water hardness by reacting with magnesium ions and improve taste, while increasing the pH. When added to room temperature tap water, there is a continuous increase in TDS of 24.8% at the 30 mg/L mark. The new findings presented in this study showed that electrolysis was the most successful method in eliminating TDS, showing an inverse proportion where an increasing electrical current and duration of electrical lowers more amounts of solids. This method created a maximum decrease in TDS by a maximum of 22.7%, with 3 tests resulting in 15.3-16.6% decreases. Furthermore, when water is heated to a temperature around 50°C (122°F), a decrease in TDS of around 16% was also shown. The reduction of these solids will help lower water hardness and improve the taste of tap water. These results will help direct residents to drink more tap water rather than bottled water with similar taste and health benefits for a cheaper price as well as a reduction on plastic usage.
format	article
author	Bill B Wang
author_facet	Bill B Wang
author_sort	Bill B Wang
title	Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).
title_short	Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).
title_full	Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).
title_fullStr	Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).
title_full_unstemmed	Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).
title_sort	research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (tds).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ebf770f4d354c5882b5d6eb0d910ee9
work_keys_str_mv	AT billbwang researchondrinkingwaterpurificationtechnologiesforhouseholdusebyreducingtotaldissolvedsolidstds
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Research on drinking water purification technologies for household use by reducing total dissolved solids (TDS).

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