Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection

To what extent, if any, should the law protect sentient artificial intelligence (that is, AI that can feel pleasure or pain)? Here we surveyed United States adults (n = 1,061) on their views regarding granting 1) general legal protection, 2) legal personhood, and 3) standing to bring forth a lawsuit...

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Autores principales:	Eric Martínez, Christoph Winter
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	legal personhood legal standing moral standing robot rights artificial intelligence artificial intelligence and law Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570 Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ee0efa7d0534cc59846f5d78c1b698c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ee0efa7d0534cc59846f5d78c1b698c2021-12-01T05:23:39ZProtecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection2296-914410.3389/frobt.2021.788355https://doaj.org/article/3ee0efa7d0534cc59846f5d78c1b698c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2021.788355/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-9144To what extent, if any, should the law protect sentient artificial intelligence (that is, AI that can feel pleasure or pain)? Here we surveyed United States adults (n = 1,061) on their views regarding granting 1) general legal protection, 2) legal personhood, and 3) standing to bring forth a lawsuit, with respect to sentient AI and eight other groups: humans in the jurisdiction, humans outside the jurisdiction, corporations, unions, non-human animals, the environment, humans living in the near future, and humans living in the far future. Roughly one-third of participants endorsed granting personhood and standing to sentient AI (assuming its existence) in at least some cases, the lowest of any group surveyed on, and rated the desired level of protection for sentient AI as lower than all groups other than corporations. We further investigated and observed political differences in responses; liberals were more likely to endorse legal protection and personhood for sentient AI than conservatives. Taken together, these results suggest that laypeople are not by-and-large in favor of granting legal protection to AI, and that the ordinary conception of legal status, similar to codified legal doctrine, is not based on a mere capacity to feel pleasure and pain. At the same time, the observed political differences suggest that previous literature regarding political differences in empathy and moral circle expansion apply to artificially intelligent systems and extend partially, though not entirely, to legal consideration, as well.Eric MartínezEric MartínezChristoph WinterChristoph WinterChristoph WinterFrontiers Media S.A.articlelegal personhoodlegal standingmoral standingrobot rightsartificial intelligenceartificial intelligence and lawMechanical engineering and machineryTJ1-1570Electronic computers. Computer scienceQA75.5-76.95ENFrontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	legal personhood legal standing moral standing robot rights artificial intelligence artificial intelligence and law Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570 Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95
spellingShingle	legal personhood legal standing moral standing robot rights artificial intelligence artificial intelligence and law Mechanical engineering and machinery TJ1-1570 Electronic computers. Computer science QA75.5-76.95 Eric Martínez Eric Martínez Christoph Winter Christoph Winter Christoph Winter Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection
description	To what extent, if any, should the law protect sentient artificial intelligence (that is, AI that can feel pleasure or pain)? Here we surveyed United States adults (n = 1,061) on their views regarding granting 1) general legal protection, 2) legal personhood, and 3) standing to bring forth a lawsuit, with respect to sentient AI and eight other groups: humans in the jurisdiction, humans outside the jurisdiction, corporations, unions, non-human animals, the environment, humans living in the near future, and humans living in the far future. Roughly one-third of participants endorsed granting personhood and standing to sentient AI (assuming its existence) in at least some cases, the lowest of any group surveyed on, and rated the desired level of protection for sentient AI as lower than all groups other than corporations. We further investigated and observed political differences in responses; liberals were more likely to endorse legal protection and personhood for sentient AI than conservatives. Taken together, these results suggest that laypeople are not by-and-large in favor of granting legal protection to AI, and that the ordinary conception of legal status, similar to codified legal doctrine, is not based on a mere capacity to feel pleasure and pain. At the same time, the observed political differences suggest that previous literature regarding political differences in empathy and moral circle expansion apply to artificially intelligent systems and extend partially, though not entirely, to legal consideration, as well.
format	article
author	Eric Martínez Eric Martínez Christoph Winter Christoph Winter Christoph Winter
author_facet	Eric Martínez Eric Martínez Christoph Winter Christoph Winter Christoph Winter
author_sort	Eric Martínez
title	Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection
title_short	Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection
title_full	Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection
title_fullStr	Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection
title_full_unstemmed	Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection
title_sort	protecting sentient artificial intelligence: a survey of lay intuitions on standing, personhood, and general legal protection
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ee0efa7d0534cc59846f5d78c1b698c
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Protecting Sentient Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of Lay Intuitions on Standing, Personhood, and General Legal Protection

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