The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina

Recent studies using full-field electroretinography (ffERG) that triggers a non-specific mass response generated by several retinal sources have attributed an important role for cannabinoid receptors in mediating vision in primates. Specific cone-mediated responses evoked through the photopic flicke...

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Autores principales:	Joseph Bouskila, Maxime Bleau, Catarina Micaelo-Fernandes, Jean-François Bouchard, Maurice Ptito
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cone pathway flicker electroretinogram URB597 endocannabinoids FAAH retina Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3ef909af69f14cb2bd4ca5779bc4a865
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3ef909af69f14cb2bd4ca5779bc4a8652021-11-25T16:56:48ZThe Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina10.3390/brainsci111114182076-3425https://doaj.org/article/3ef909af69f14cb2bd4ca5779bc4a8652021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1418https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Recent studies using full-field electroretinography (ffERG) that triggers a non-specific mass response generated by several retinal sources have attributed an important role for cannabinoid receptors in mediating vision in primates. Specific cone-mediated responses evoked through the photopic flicker ERG appear to be a better way to validate the assumption that endogenous cannabinoids modulate the cone pathway, since FAAH is mainly expressed in the vervet monkey cone photoreceptors. The aim of this study is two-fold: (1) to use the photopic flicker ERG to target the cone pathway specifically, and (2) use URB597 as a selective inhibitor of the endocannabinoid degrading enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) to enhance the levels of fatty acid amides, particularly anandamide. We recorded ERGs under four different flicker frequencies (15, 20, 25, and 30 Hz) in light-adapted conditions after intravitreal injections of URB597. Our results show that intravitreal injections of URB597, compared to the vehicle DMSO, increased significantly ffERG amplitudes at 30 Hz, a frequency that solely recruits cone activity. However, at 15 Hz, a frequency that activates both rods and cones, no significant difference was found in the ERG response amplitude. Additionally, we found no differences in implicit times after URB597 injections compared to DMSO vehicle. These results support the role of molecules degraded by FAAH in cone-mediated vision in non-human primates.Joseph BouskilaMaxime BleauCatarina Micaelo-FernandesJean-François BouchardMaurice PtitoMDPI AGarticlecone pathwayflicker electroretinogramURB597endocannabinoidsFAAHretinaNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1418, p 1418 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cone pathway flicker electroretinogram URB597 endocannabinoids FAAH retina Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	cone pathway flicker electroretinogram URB597 endocannabinoids FAAH retina Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Joseph Bouskila Maxime Bleau Catarina Micaelo-Fernandes Jean-François Bouchard Maurice Ptito The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina
description	Recent studies using full-field electroretinography (ffERG) that triggers a non-specific mass response generated by several retinal sources have attributed an important role for cannabinoid receptors in mediating vision in primates. Specific cone-mediated responses evoked through the photopic flicker ERG appear to be a better way to validate the assumption that endogenous cannabinoids modulate the cone pathway, since FAAH is mainly expressed in the vervet monkey cone photoreceptors. The aim of this study is two-fold: (1) to use the photopic flicker ERG to target the cone pathway specifically, and (2) use URB597 as a selective inhibitor of the endocannabinoid degrading enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) to enhance the levels of fatty acid amides, particularly anandamide. We recorded ERGs under four different flicker frequencies (15, 20, 25, and 30 Hz) in light-adapted conditions after intravitreal injections of URB597. Our results show that intravitreal injections of URB597, compared to the vehicle DMSO, increased significantly ffERG amplitudes at 30 Hz, a frequency that solely recruits cone activity. However, at 15 Hz, a frequency that activates both rods and cones, no significant difference was found in the ERG response amplitude. Additionally, we found no differences in implicit times after URB597 injections compared to DMSO vehicle. These results support the role of molecules degraded by FAAH in cone-mediated vision in non-human primates.
format	article
author	Joseph Bouskila Maxime Bleau Catarina Micaelo-Fernandes Jean-François Bouchard Maurice Ptito
author_facet	Joseph Bouskila Maxime Bleau Catarina Micaelo-Fernandes Jean-François Bouchard Maurice Ptito
author_sort	Joseph Bouskila
title	The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina
title_short	The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina
title_full	The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina
title_fullStr	The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina
title_full_unstemmed	The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina
title_sort	inhibition of the degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase alters the activity of the cone system in the vervet monkey retina
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3ef909af69f14cb2bd4ca5779bc4a865
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The Inhibition of the Degrading Enzyme Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Alters the Activity of the Cone System in the Vervet Monkey Retina

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