Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

Abstract The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cyclopl...

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Autores principales:	Xiu Juan Zhang, Yi Han Lau, Yu Meng Wang, Ka Wai Kam, Patrick Ip, Wilson W. Yip, Simon T. Ko, Alvin L. Young, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Li Jia Chen, Jason C. Yam
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3efd0df5f72f48c5a88caa5981e42e56
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3efd0df5f72f48c5a88caa5981e42e562021-12-02T18:34:13ZPrevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study10.1038/s41598-021-93131-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3efd0df5f72f48c5a88caa5981e42e562021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93131-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination. Demographic information, pre- and post- natal background, parental smoking status, and family history of strabismus were obtained through questionnaires. Strabismus was found among 133 children (3.11%, 95% CI 2.59–3.63%), including 117 (2.74%) exotropia and 12 (0.28%) esotropia cases (exotropia-esotropia ratio: 9.75:1). There was no significant difference in prevalence across age (6–8 years) and gender. Multivariate analysis revealed associations of strabismus with myopia (≤ − 1.00D; OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037) hyperopia (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42–4.39; P = 0.002), astigmatism (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.36–3.94; P = 0.002), and anisometropia (≥ 2.00D; OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.36–7.55; P = 0.008). Other risk factors for strabismus included maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.80–9.81; P = 0.001), family history of strabismus (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.78–14.50, P < 0.0001) and advanced maternal age at childbirth (> 35 years; OR 1.65; CI 1.09–2.49, P = 0.018). The prevalence of strabismus among children aged 6—8 years in Hong Kong is 3.11%. Refractive errors, family history of strabismus and maternal smoking history during pregnancy are risk factors. Early correction of refractive errors and avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy are potentially helpful in preventing strabismus.Xiu Juan ZhangYi Han LauYu Meng WangKa Wai KamPatrick IpWilson W. YipSimon T. KoAlvin L. YoungClement C. ThamChi Pui PangLi Jia ChenJason C. YamNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiu Juan Zhang Yi Han Lau Yu Meng Wang Ka Wai Kam Patrick Ip Wilson W. Yip Simon T. Ko Alvin L. Young Clement C. Tham Chi Pui Pang Li Jia Chen Jason C. Yam Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
description	Abstract The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination. Demographic information, pre- and post- natal background, parental smoking status, and family history of strabismus were obtained through questionnaires. Strabismus was found among 133 children (3.11%, 95% CI 2.59–3.63%), including 117 (2.74%) exotropia and 12 (0.28%) esotropia cases (exotropia-esotropia ratio: 9.75:1). There was no significant difference in prevalence across age (6–8 years) and gender. Multivariate analysis revealed associations of strabismus with myopia (≤ − 1.00D; OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037) hyperopia (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42–4.39; P = 0.002), astigmatism (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.36–3.94; P = 0.002), and anisometropia (≥ 2.00D; OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.36–7.55; P = 0.008). Other risk factors for strabismus included maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.80–9.81; P = 0.001), family history of strabismus (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.78–14.50, P < 0.0001) and advanced maternal age at childbirth (> 35 years; OR 1.65; CI 1.09–2.49, P = 0.018). The prevalence of strabismus among children aged 6—8 years in Hong Kong is 3.11%. Refractive errors, family history of strabismus and maternal smoking history during pregnancy are risk factors. Early correction of refractive errors and avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy are potentially helpful in preventing strabismus.
format	article
author	Xiu Juan Zhang Yi Han Lau Yu Meng Wang Ka Wai Kam Patrick Ip Wilson W. Yip Simon T. Ko Alvin L. Young Clement C. Tham Chi Pui Pang Li Jia Chen Jason C. Yam
author_facet	Xiu Juan Zhang Yi Han Lau Yu Meng Wang Ka Wai Kam Patrick Ip Wilson W. Yip Simon T. Ko Alvin L. Young Clement C. Tham Chi Pui Pang Li Jia Chen Jason C. Yam
author_sort	Xiu Juan Zhang
title	Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_short	Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_full	Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_fullStr	Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_full_unstemmed	Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_sort	prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: the hong kong children eye study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3efd0df5f72f48c5a88caa5981e42e56
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Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

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