Target-Site Mutations and Expression of ALS Gene Copies Vary According to Echinochloa Species

The sustainability of rice cropping systems is jeopardized by the large number and variety of populations of polyploid Echinochloa spp. resistant to ALS inhibitors. Better knowledge of the Echinochloa species present in Italian rice fields and the study of <i...

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Autores principales:	Silvia Panozzo, Elisa Mascanzoni, Laura Scarabel, Andrea Milani, Giliardi Dalazen, Aldo J. Merotto, Patrick J. Tranel, Maurizio Sattin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Echinochloa</i> spp. barnyard grass late watergrass DNA barcoding ALS inhibitors resistance target-site resistance Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3f384c4df5a647edb924b50b2581e8d9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3f384c4df5a647edb924b50b2581e8d92021-11-25T17:42:36ZTarget-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species10.3390/genes121118412073-4425https://doaj.org/article/3f384c4df5a647edb924b50b2581e8d92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/11/1841https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425The sustainability of rice cropping systems is jeopardized by the large number and variety of populations of polyploid <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. resistant to ALS inhibitors. Better knowledge of the <i>Echinochloa</i> species present in Italian rice fields and the study of <i>ALS</i> genes involved in target-site resistance could significantly contribute to a better understanding of resistance evolution and management. Using a CAPS-<i>rbcL</i> molecular marker, two species, <i>E. crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv. and <i>E. oryzicola</i> (Vasinger) Vasing., were identified as the most common species in rice in Italy. Mutations involved in ALS inhibitor resistance in the different species were identified and associated with the <i>ALS</i> homoeologs. The relative expression of the <i>ALS</i> gene copies was evaluated. Molecular characterization led to the identification of three <i>ALS</i> genes in <i>E. crus-galli</i> and two in <i>E. oryzicola</i>. The two species also carried different point mutations conferring resistance: Ala122Asn in <i>E. crus-galli</i> and Trp574Leu in <i>E. oryzicola</i>. Mutations were carried in the same gene copy (<i>ALS1</i>), which was significantly more expressed than the other copies (<i>ALS2</i> and <i>ALS3</i>) in both species. These results explain the high resistance level of these populations and why mutations in the other <i>ALS</i> copies are not involved in herbicide resistance.Silvia PanozzoElisa MascanzoniLaura ScarabelAndrea MilaniGiliardi DalazenAldo J. MerottoPatrick J. TranelMaurizio SattinMDPI AGarticle<i>Echinochloa</i> spp.barnyard grasslate watergrassDNA barcodingALS inhibitors resistancetarget-site resistanceGeneticsQH426-470ENGenes, Vol 12, Iss 1841, p 1841 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Echinochloa</i> spp. barnyard grass late watergrass DNA barcoding ALS inhibitors resistance target-site resistance Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	<i>Echinochloa</i> spp. barnyard grass late watergrass DNA barcoding ALS inhibitors resistance target-site resistance Genetics QH426-470 Silvia Panozzo Elisa Mascanzoni Laura Scarabel Andrea Milani Giliardi Dalazen Aldo J. Merotto Patrick J. Tranel Maurizio Sattin Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species
description	The sustainability of rice cropping systems is jeopardized by the large number and variety of populations of polyploid <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. resistant to ALS inhibitors. Better knowledge of the <i>Echinochloa</i> species present in Italian rice fields and the study of <i>ALS</i> genes involved in target-site resistance could significantly contribute to a better understanding of resistance evolution and management. Using a CAPS-<i>rbcL</i> molecular marker, two species, <i>E. crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv. and <i>E. oryzicola</i> (Vasinger) Vasing., were identified as the most common species in rice in Italy. Mutations involved in ALS inhibitor resistance in the different species were identified and associated with the <i>ALS</i> homoeologs. The relative expression of the <i>ALS</i> gene copies was evaluated. Molecular characterization led to the identification of three <i>ALS</i> genes in <i>E. crus-galli</i> and two in <i>E. oryzicola</i>. The two species also carried different point mutations conferring resistance: Ala122Asn in <i>E. crus-galli</i> and Trp574Leu in <i>E. oryzicola</i>. Mutations were carried in the same gene copy (<i>ALS1</i>), which was significantly more expressed than the other copies (<i>ALS2</i> and <i>ALS3</i>) in both species. These results explain the high resistance level of these populations and why mutations in the other <i>ALS</i> copies are not involved in herbicide resistance.
format	article
author	Silvia Panozzo Elisa Mascanzoni Laura Scarabel Andrea Milani Giliardi Dalazen Aldo J. Merotto Patrick J. Tranel Maurizio Sattin
author_facet	Silvia Panozzo Elisa Mascanzoni Laura Scarabel Andrea Milani Giliardi Dalazen Aldo J. Merotto Patrick J. Tranel Maurizio Sattin
author_sort	Silvia Panozzo
title	Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species
title_short	Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species
title_full	Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species
title_fullStr	Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species
title_full_unstemmed	Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species
title_sort	target-site mutations and expression of <i>als</i> gene copies vary according to <i>echinochloa</i> species
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3f384c4df5a647edb924b50b2581e8d9
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Target-Site Mutations and Expression of <i>ALS</i> Gene Copies Vary According to <i>Echinochloa</i> Species

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