Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.

<h4>Background</h4>The Trypanosoma cruzi genome was sequenced from a hybrid strain (CL Brener). However, high allelic variation and the repetitive nature of the genome have prevented the complete linear sequence of chromosomes being determined. Determining the full complement of chromoso...

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Autores principales:	Renata T Souza, Fábio M Lima, Roberto Moraes Barros, Danielle R Cortez, Michele F Santos, Esteban M Cordero, Jeronimo Conceiçao Ruiz, Samuel Goldenberg, Marta M G Teixeira, José Franco da Silveira
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3f577e08458647fc9e2ecdccbf94466d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3f577e08458647fc9e2ecdccbf94466d2021-11-18T06:48:04ZGenome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0023042https://doaj.org/article/3f577e08458647fc9e2ecdccbf94466d2011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21857989/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The Trypanosoma cruzi genome was sequenced from a hybrid strain (CL Brener). However, high allelic variation and the repetitive nature of the genome have prevented the complete linear sequence of chromosomes being determined. Determining the full complement of chromosomes and establishing syntenic groups will be important in defining the structure of T. cruzi chromosomes. A large amount of information is now available for T. cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, providing the opportunity to compare and describe the overall patterns of chromosomal evolution in these parasites.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>The genome sizes, repetitive DNA contents, and the numbers and sizes of chromosomes of nine strains of T. cruzi from four lineages (TcI, TcII, TcV and TcVI) were determined. The genome of the TcI group was statistically smaller than other lineages, with the exception of the TcI isolate Tc1161 (José-IMT). Satellite DNA content was correlated with genome size for all isolates, but this was not accompanied by simultaneous amplification of retrotransposons. Regardless of chromosomal polymorphism, large syntenic groups are conserved among T. cruzi lineages. Duplicated chromosome-sized regions were identified and could be retained as paralogous loci, increasing the dosage of several genes. By comparing T. cruzi and T. brucei chromosomes, homologous chromosomal regions in T. brucei were identified. Chromosomes Tb9 and Tb11 of T. brucei share regions of syntenic homology with three and six T. cruzi chromosomal bands, respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Despite genome size variation and karyotype polymorphism, T. cruzi lineages exhibit conservation of chromosome structure. Several syntenic groups are conserved among all isolates analyzed in this study. The syntenic regions are larger than expected if rearrangements occur randomly, suggesting that they are conserved owing to positive selection. Mapping of the syntenic regions on T. cruzi chromosomal bands provides evidence for the occurrence of fusion and split events involving T. brucei and T. cruzi chromosomes.Renata T SouzaFábio M LimaRoberto Moraes BarrosDanielle R CortezMichele F SantosEsteban M CorderoJeronimo Conceiçao RuizSamuel GoldenbergMarta M G TeixeiraJosé Franco da SilveiraPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 8, p e23042 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Renata T Souza Fábio M Lima Roberto Moraes Barros Danielle R Cortez Michele F Santos Esteban M Cordero Jeronimo Conceiçao Ruiz Samuel Goldenberg Marta M G Teixeira José Franco da Silveira Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The Trypanosoma cruzi genome was sequenced from a hybrid strain (CL Brener). However, high allelic variation and the repetitive nature of the genome have prevented the complete linear sequence of chromosomes being determined. Determining the full complement of chromosomes and establishing syntenic groups will be important in defining the structure of T. cruzi chromosomes. A large amount of information is now available for T. cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, providing the opportunity to compare and describe the overall patterns of chromosomal evolution in these parasites.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>The genome sizes, repetitive DNA contents, and the numbers and sizes of chromosomes of nine strains of T. cruzi from four lineages (TcI, TcII, TcV and TcVI) were determined. The genome of the TcI group was statistically smaller than other lineages, with the exception of the TcI isolate Tc1161 (José-IMT). Satellite DNA content was correlated with genome size for all isolates, but this was not accompanied by simultaneous amplification of retrotransposons. Regardless of chromosomal polymorphism, large syntenic groups are conserved among T. cruzi lineages. Duplicated chromosome-sized regions were identified and could be retained as paralogous loci, increasing the dosage of several genes. By comparing T. cruzi and T. brucei chromosomes, homologous chromosomal regions in T. brucei were identified. Chromosomes Tb9 and Tb11 of T. brucei share regions of syntenic homology with three and six T. cruzi chromosomal bands, respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Despite genome size variation and karyotype polymorphism, T. cruzi lineages exhibit conservation of chromosome structure. Several syntenic groups are conserved among all isolates analyzed in this study. The syntenic regions are larger than expected if rearrangements occur randomly, suggesting that they are conserved owing to positive selection. Mapping of the syntenic regions on T. cruzi chromosomal bands provides evidence for the occurrence of fusion and split events involving T. brucei and T. cruzi chromosomes.
format	article
author	Renata T Souza Fábio M Lima Roberto Moraes Barros Danielle R Cortez Michele F Santos Esteban M Cordero Jeronimo Conceiçao Ruiz Samuel Goldenberg Marta M G Teixeira José Franco da Silveira
author_facet	Renata T Souza Fábio M Lima Roberto Moraes Barros Danielle R Cortez Michele F Santos Esteban M Cordero Jeronimo Conceiçao Ruiz Samuel Goldenberg Marta M G Teixeira José Franco da Silveira
author_sort	Renata T Souza
title	Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.
title_short	Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.
title_full	Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.
title_fullStr	Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.
title_full_unstemmed	Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.
title_sort	genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in trypanosoma cruzi.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/3f577e08458647fc9e2ecdccbf94466d
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Genome size, karyotype polymorphism and chromosomal evolution in Trypanosoma cruzi.

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