Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action

Abstract When dogs interact with humans, they often show appropriate reactions to human intentional action. But it is unclear from these everyday observations whether the dogs simply respond to the action outcomes or whether they are able to discriminate between different categories of actions. Are...

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Autores principales:	Britta Schünemann, Judith Keller, Hannes Rakoczy, Tanya Behne, Juliane Bräuer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3f7afcf0f4fc4f1bba7540c863f32136
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3f7afcf0f4fc4f1bba7540c863f321362021-12-02T16:38:24ZDogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action10.1038/s41598-021-94374-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3f7afcf0f4fc4f1bba7540c863f321362021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94374-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract When dogs interact with humans, they often show appropriate reactions to human intentional action. But it is unclear from these everyday observations whether the dogs simply respond to the action outcomes or whether they are able to discriminate between different categories of actions. Are dogs able to distinguish intentional human actions from unintentional ones, even when the action outcomes are the same? We tested dogs’ ability to discriminate these action categories by adapting the so-called “Unwilling vs. Unable” paradigm. This paradigm compares subjects’ reactions to intentional and unintentional human behaviour. All dogs received three conditions: In the unwilling-condition, an experimenter intentionally withheld a reward from them. In the two unable-conditions, she unintentionally withheld the reward, either because she was clumsy or because she was physically prevented from giving the reward to the dog. Dogs clearly distinguished in their spontaneous behaviour between unwilling- and unable-conditions. This indicates that dogs indeed distinguish intentional actions from unintentional behaviour. We critically discuss our findings with regard to dogs’ understanding of human intentional action.Britta SchünemannJudith KellerHannes RakoczyTanya BehneJuliane BräuerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Britta Schünemann Judith Keller Hannes Rakoczy Tanya Behne Juliane Bräuer Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
description	Abstract When dogs interact with humans, they often show appropriate reactions to human intentional action. But it is unclear from these everyday observations whether the dogs simply respond to the action outcomes or whether they are able to discriminate between different categories of actions. Are dogs able to distinguish intentional human actions from unintentional ones, even when the action outcomes are the same? We tested dogs’ ability to discriminate these action categories by adapting the so-called “Unwilling vs. Unable” paradigm. This paradigm compares subjects’ reactions to intentional and unintentional human behaviour. All dogs received three conditions: In the unwilling-condition, an experimenter intentionally withheld a reward from them. In the two unable-conditions, she unintentionally withheld the reward, either because she was clumsy or because she was physically prevented from giving the reward to the dog. Dogs clearly distinguished in their spontaneous behaviour between unwilling- and unable-conditions. This indicates that dogs indeed distinguish intentional actions from unintentional behaviour. We critically discuss our findings with regard to dogs’ understanding of human intentional action.
format	article
author	Britta Schünemann Judith Keller Hannes Rakoczy Tanya Behne Juliane Bräuer
author_facet	Britta Schünemann Judith Keller Hannes Rakoczy Tanya Behne Juliane Bräuer
author_sort	Britta Schünemann
title	Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
title_short	Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
title_full	Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
title_fullStr	Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
title_full_unstemmed	Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
title_sort	dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3f7afcf0f4fc4f1bba7540c863f32136
work_keys_str_mv	AT brittaschunemann dogsdistinguishhumanintentionalandunintentionalaction AT judithkeller dogsdistinguishhumanintentionalandunintentionalaction AT hannesrakoczy dogsdistinguishhumanintentionalandunintentionalaction AT tanyabehne dogsdistinguishhumanintentionalandunintentionalaction AT julianebrauer dogsdistinguishhumanintentionalandunintentionalaction
_version_	1718383568777904128

Dogs distinguish human intentional and unintentional action

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