Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen

Abstract The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic...

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Autores principales:	Robin B. Gear, Scott M. Belcher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3fa22a9efb97409fa22da9620e9c65b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3fa22a9efb97409fa22da9620e9c65b82021-12-02T11:41:11ZImpacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen10.1038/s41598-017-00961-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/3fa22a9efb97409fa22da9620e9c65b82017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00961-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the immune system is unclear. Here we report results of in vivo dose response studies that analyzed the histology and microstructural changes in the spleen of adult male and female CD-1 mice exposed to 4 to 40,000 μg/kg/day BPA or 0.02 to 2 μg/kg/day EE from conception until 12–14 weeks of age. Results of that analysis indicate that both BPA and EE have dose- and sex-specific impacts on the cellular and microanatomical structures of the spleens that reveal minor alterations in immunomodulatory and hematopoietic functions. These findings support previous studies demonstrating the murine immune system as a sensitive target for estrogens, and that oral exposures to BPA and EE can have estrogen-like immunomodulatory affects in both sexes.Robin B. GearScott M. BelcherNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Robin B. Gear Scott M. Belcher Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
description	Abstract The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) and the pharmaceutical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) are synthetic chemicals with estrogen-like activities. Despite ubiquitous human exposure to BPA, and the wide-spread clinical use of EE as oral contraceptive adjuvant, the impact of these estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the immune system is unclear. Here we report results of in vivo dose response studies that analyzed the histology and microstructural changes in the spleen of adult male and female CD-1 mice exposed to 4 to 40,000 μg/kg/day BPA or 0.02 to 2 μg/kg/day EE from conception until 12–14 weeks of age. Results of that analysis indicate that both BPA and EE have dose- and sex-specific impacts on the cellular and microanatomical structures of the spleens that reveal minor alterations in immunomodulatory and hematopoietic functions. These findings support previous studies demonstrating the murine immune system as a sensitive target for estrogens, and that oral exposures to BPA and EE can have estrogen-like immunomodulatory affects in both sexes.
format	article
author	Robin B. Gear Scott M. Belcher
author_facet	Robin B. Gear Scott M. Belcher
author_sort	Robin B. Gear
title	Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
title_short	Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
title_full	Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
title_fullStr	Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
title_full_unstemmed	Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen
title_sort	impacts of bisphenol a and ethinyl estradiol on male and female cd-1 mouse spleen
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/3fa22a9efb97409fa22da9620e9c65b8
work_keys_str_mv	AT robinbgear impactsofbisphenolaandethinylestradiolonmaleandfemalecd1mousespleen AT scottmbelcher impactsofbisphenolaandethinylestradiolonmaleandfemalecd1mousespleen
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Impacts of Bisphenol A and Ethinyl Estradiol on Male and Female CD-1 Mouse Spleen

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