Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion

ABSTRACT Despite years of research and clinical advances, chronic pulmonary infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain the primary concern for cystic fibrosis patients. Much of the research on these strains has focused on the contributions of the polysaccharide alginate; however, it is bec...

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Autores principales:	Christopher J. Jones, Daniel J. Wozniak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	biofilms Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis exopolysaccharide immune evasion lung infection Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3facd8c4fc3748bd984f824110ea636d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3facd8c4fc3748bd984f824110ea636d2021-11-15T15:51:30ZPsl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion10.1128/mBio.00864-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/3facd8c4fc3748bd984f824110ea636d2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00864-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Despite years of research and clinical advances, chronic pulmonary infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain the primary concern for cystic fibrosis patients. Much of the research on these strains has focused on the contributions of the polysaccharide alginate; however, it is becoming evident that the neutral polysaccharide Psl also contributes to biofilm formation and the maintenance of chronic infections. Here, we demonstrate that Psl produced by mucoid strains has significant roles in biofilm structure and evasion of immune effectors. Though mucoid strains produce less Psl than nonmucoid strains, the Psl that is produced is functional, since it mediates adhesion to human airway cells and epithelial cell death. Additionally, Psl protects mucoid bacteria from opsonization and killing by complement components in human serum. Psl production by mucoid strains stimulates a proinflammatory response in the murine lung, leading to reduced colonization. To determine the relevance of these data to clinical infections, we tested Psl production and biofilm formation of a panel of mucoid clinical isolates. We demonstrated three classes of mucoid isolates, those that produce Psl and form robust biofilms, those that did not produce Psl and have a poor biofilm phenotype, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) redundant strains. Collectively, these experimental results demonstrate that Psl contributes to the biofilm formation and immune evasion of many mucoid strains. This is a novel role for Psl in the establishment and maintenance of chronic pulmonary infections by mucoid strains. IMPORTANCE Cystic fibrosis patients are engaged in an ongoing battle against chronic lung infections by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One key factor contributing to the maintenance of chronic infections is the conversion to a mucoid phenotype, where the bacteria produce copious amounts of the polysaccharide alginate. Once the bacteria become mucoid, existing treatments are poorly effective. We proposed that mucoid bacteria produce an additional polysaccharide, Psl, which is important for their establishment and maintenance of chronic infections. This work demonstrates that Psl enhances attachment of mucoid bacteria to lung surfaces and leads to inflammation and damage in the lung. Additionally, we find that 50% of mucoid bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections rely on Psl for the structure of their biofilm communities, suggesting that treatments against Psl should be investigated to enhance the success of current therapies.Christopher J. JonesDaniel J. WozniakAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticlebiofilmsPseudomonas aeruginosacystic fibrosisexopolysaccharideimmune evasionlung infectionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 3 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biofilms Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis exopolysaccharide immune evasion lung infection Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	biofilms Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis exopolysaccharide immune evasion lung infection Microbiology QR1-502 Christopher J. Jones Daniel J. Wozniak Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
description	ABSTRACT Despite years of research and clinical advances, chronic pulmonary infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain the primary concern for cystic fibrosis patients. Much of the research on these strains has focused on the contributions of the polysaccharide alginate; however, it is becoming evident that the neutral polysaccharide Psl also contributes to biofilm formation and the maintenance of chronic infections. Here, we demonstrate that Psl produced by mucoid strains has significant roles in biofilm structure and evasion of immune effectors. Though mucoid strains produce less Psl than nonmucoid strains, the Psl that is produced is functional, since it mediates adhesion to human airway cells and epithelial cell death. Additionally, Psl protects mucoid bacteria from opsonization and killing by complement components in human serum. Psl production by mucoid strains stimulates a proinflammatory response in the murine lung, leading to reduced colonization. To determine the relevance of these data to clinical infections, we tested Psl production and biofilm formation of a panel of mucoid clinical isolates. We demonstrated three classes of mucoid isolates, those that produce Psl and form robust biofilms, those that did not produce Psl and have a poor biofilm phenotype, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) redundant strains. Collectively, these experimental results demonstrate that Psl contributes to the biofilm formation and immune evasion of many mucoid strains. This is a novel role for Psl in the establishment and maintenance of chronic pulmonary infections by mucoid strains. IMPORTANCE Cystic fibrosis patients are engaged in an ongoing battle against chronic lung infections by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One key factor contributing to the maintenance of chronic infections is the conversion to a mucoid phenotype, where the bacteria produce copious amounts of the polysaccharide alginate. Once the bacteria become mucoid, existing treatments are poorly effective. We proposed that mucoid bacteria produce an additional polysaccharide, Psl, which is important for their establishment and maintenance of chronic infections. This work demonstrates that Psl enhances attachment of mucoid bacteria to lung surfaces and leads to inflammation and damage in the lung. Additionally, we find that 50% of mucoid bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections rely on Psl for the structure of their biofilm communities, suggesting that treatments against Psl should be investigated to enhance the success of current therapies.
format	article
author	Christopher J. Jones Daniel J. Wozniak
author_facet	Christopher J. Jones Daniel J. Wozniak
author_sort	Christopher J. Jones
title	Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
title_short	Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
title_full	Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
title_fullStr	Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
title_full_unstemmed	Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
title_sort	psl produced by mucoid <italic toggle="yes">pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> contributes to the establishment of biofilms and immune evasion
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/3facd8c4fc3748bd984f824110ea636d
work_keys_str_mv	AT christopherjjones pslproducedbymucoiditalictoggleyespseudomonasaeruginosaitaliccontributestotheestablishmentofbiofilmsandimmuneevasion AT danieljwozniak pslproducedbymucoiditalictoggleyespseudomonasaeruginosaitaliccontributestotheestablishmentofbiofilmsandimmuneevasion
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Psl Produced by Mucoid <italic toggle="yes">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion

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