Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium sp.

The common Antarctic red alga Plocamium sp. is rich in halogenated monoterpenes with known anticancer and antimicrobial properties and extracts of Plocamium sp. have strong ecological activity in deterring feeding by sympatric herbivores. Plocamium</...

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Autores principales:	Andrew J. Shilling, Sabrina Heiser, Charles D. Amsler, James B. McClintock, Bill J. Baker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity <i>Plocamium</i> Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e2021-11-25T18:12:46ZHidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.10.3390/md191106071660-3397https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/607https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397The common Antarctic red alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp. is rich in halogenated monoterpenes with known anticancer and antimicrobial properties and extracts of <i>Plocamium</i> sp. have strong ecological activity in deterring feeding by sympatric herbivores. <i>Plocamium</i> sp. collected near Anvers Island, Antarctica showed a high degree of secondary metabolite diversity between separate individuals. GC/MS results revealed 15 different combinations of metabolites (chemogroups) across individuals, which were apparent at 50% or greater Bray–Curtis similarity and also clearly distinguishable by eye when comparing chromatographic profiles of the secondary metabolomes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial <i>cox</i>1 gene revealed six distinct haplotypes, of which the most common two had been previously reported (now referred to as Haplotypes 1 and 2). With the exception of one individual, three of the chemogroups were only produced by individuals in Haplotype 1. All the other 12 chemogroups were produced by individuals in Haplotype 2, with five of these chemogroups also present in one of the four new, less common haplotypes that only differed from Haplotype 2 by one base pair. The functional relevance of this metabolomic and genetic diversity is unknown, but they could have important ecological and evolutionary ramifications, thus potentially providing a foundation for differential selection.Andrew J. ShillingSabrina HeiserCharles D. AmslerJames B. McClintockBill J. BakerMDPI AGarticlehalogenated monoterpenesmetabolite diversityhaplotype diversity<i>Plocamium</i>AntarcticaBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMarine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 607, p 607 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity <i>Plocamium</i> Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	halogenated monoterpenes metabolite diversity haplotype diversity <i>Plocamium</i> Antarctica Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.
description	The common Antarctic red alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp. is rich in halogenated monoterpenes with known anticancer and antimicrobial properties and extracts of <i>Plocamium</i> sp. have strong ecological activity in deterring feeding by sympatric herbivores. <i>Plocamium</i> sp. collected near Anvers Island, Antarctica showed a high degree of secondary metabolite diversity between separate individuals. GC/MS results revealed 15 different combinations of metabolites (chemogroups) across individuals, which were apparent at 50% or greater Bray–Curtis similarity and also clearly distinguishable by eye when comparing chromatographic profiles of the secondary metabolomes. Sequencing of the mitochondrial <i>cox</i>1 gene revealed six distinct haplotypes, of which the most common two had been previously reported (now referred to as Haplotypes 1 and 2). With the exception of one individual, three of the chemogroups were only produced by individuals in Haplotype 1. All the other 12 chemogroups were produced by individuals in Haplotype 2, with five of these chemogroups also present in one of the four new, less common haplotypes that only differed from Haplotype 2 by one base pair. The functional relevance of this metabolomic and genetic diversity is unknown, but they could have important ecological and evolutionary ramifications, thus potentially providing a foundation for differential selection.
format	article
author	Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker
author_facet	Andrew J. Shilling Sabrina Heiser Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker
author_sort	Andrew J. Shilling
title	Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.
title_short	Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.
title_full	Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.
title_fullStr	Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.
title_full_unstemmed	Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.
title_sort	hidden diversity in an antarctic algal forest: metabolomic profiling linked to patterns of genetic diversification in the antarctic red alga <i>plocamium</i> sp.
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3fe03813d0144bc39ab8daee14915d8e
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Hidden Diversity in an Antarctic Algal Forest: Metabolomic Profiling Linked to Patterns of Genetic Diversification in the Antarctic Red Alga <i>Plocamium</i> sp.

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