Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research

ABSTRACT Long-term effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) has significantly reduced the burden of disease, yet a cure for HIV has not been universally achieved, likely due to the persistence of an HIV reservoir. The central nervous system (CNS) is an understudied H...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Thomas A. Premeaux, Sonia Mediouni, Ana Leda, Robert L. Furler, Susana T. Valente, Howard A. Fine, Douglas F. Nixon, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:	cerebral organoids HIV reservoirs HIV cure neuropathology cure HIV Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3fe2d372568345668788e4b150413a5e
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:3fe2d372568345668788e4b150413a5e
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3fe2d372568345668788e4b150413a5e2021-11-10T18:37:52ZNext-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research10.1128/mBio.00680-212150-7511https://doaj.org/article/3fe2d372568345668788e4b150413a5e2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00680-21https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Long-term effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) has significantly reduced the burden of disease, yet a cure for HIV has not been universally achieved, likely due to the persistence of an HIV reservoir. The central nervous system (CNS) is an understudied HIV sanctuary. Importantly, due to viral persistence in the brain, cognitive disturbances persist to various degrees at high rates in PWH despite suppressive ART. Given the complexity and accessibility of the CNS compartment and that it is a physiologically and anatomically unique immune site, human studies to reveal molecular mechanisms of viral entry, reservoir establishment, and the cellular and structural interactions leading to viral persistence and brain injury to advance a cure and either prevent or limit cognitive impairments in PWH remain challenging. Recent advances in human brain organoids show that they can mimic the intercellular dynamics of the human brain and may recapitulate many of the events involved in HIV infection of the brain (neuroHIV). Human brain organoids can be produced, spontaneously or with addition of growth factors and at immature or mature states, and have become stronger models to study neurovirulent viral infections of the CNS. While organoids provide opportunities to study neuroHIV, obstacles such as the need to incorporate microglia need to be overcome to fully utilize this model. Here, we review the current achievements in brain organoid biology and their relevance to neuroHIV research efforts.Thomas A. PremeauxSonia MediouniAna LedaRobert L. FurlerSusana T. ValenteHoward A. FineDouglas F. NixonLishomwa C. NdhlovuAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlecerebral organoidsHIV reservoirsHIV cureneuropathologycureHIVMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cerebral organoids HIV reservoirs HIV cure neuropathology cure HIV Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cerebral organoids HIV reservoirs HIV cure neuropathology cure HIV Microbiology QR1-502 Thomas A. Premeaux Sonia Mediouni Ana Leda Robert L. Furler Susana T. Valente Howard A. Fine Douglas F. Nixon Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
description	ABSTRACT Long-term effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) has significantly reduced the burden of disease, yet a cure for HIV has not been universally achieved, likely due to the persistence of an HIV reservoir. The central nervous system (CNS) is an understudied HIV sanctuary. Importantly, due to viral persistence in the brain, cognitive disturbances persist to various degrees at high rates in PWH despite suppressive ART. Given the complexity and accessibility of the CNS compartment and that it is a physiologically and anatomically unique immune site, human studies to reveal molecular mechanisms of viral entry, reservoir establishment, and the cellular and structural interactions leading to viral persistence and brain injury to advance a cure and either prevent or limit cognitive impairments in PWH remain challenging. Recent advances in human brain organoids show that they can mimic the intercellular dynamics of the human brain and may recapitulate many of the events involved in HIV infection of the brain (neuroHIV). Human brain organoids can be produced, spontaneously or with addition of growth factors and at immature or mature states, and have become stronger models to study neurovirulent viral infections of the CNS. While organoids provide opportunities to study neuroHIV, obstacles such as the need to incorporate microglia need to be overcome to fully utilize this model. Here, we review the current achievements in brain organoid biology and their relevance to neuroHIV research efforts.
format	article
author	Thomas A. Premeaux Sonia Mediouni Ana Leda Robert L. Furler Susana T. Valente Howard A. Fine Douglas F. Nixon Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
author_facet	Thomas A. Premeaux Sonia Mediouni Ana Leda Robert L. Furler Susana T. Valente Howard A. Fine Douglas F. Nixon Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
author_sort	Thomas A. Premeaux
title	Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
title_short	Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
title_full	Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
title_fullStr	Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
title_full_unstemmed	Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
title_sort	next-generation human cerebral organoids as powerful tools to advance neurohiv research
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3fe2d372568345668788e4b150413a5e
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasapremeaux nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT soniamediouni nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT analeda nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT robertlfurler nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT susanatvalente nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT howardafine nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT douglasfnixon nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch AT lishomwacndhlovu nextgenerationhumancerebralorganoidsaspowerfultoolstoadvanceneurohivresearch
_version_	1718439769342476288

Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research

Ejemplares similares