Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study

The xenoestrogenicity of some plasticisers (phthalates and bisphenol A) is documented in the literature and may pose a risk to female reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess exposure to six phthalates. This was achieved by measuring their respective metabolites (mono-ethylphthalate...

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Autores principales:	Lidia Caporossi, Paola Viganò, Enrico Paci, Silvia Capanna, Alessandra Alteri, Giovanni Campo, Daniela Pigini, Mariangela De Rosa, Giovanna Tranfo, Bruno Papaleo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phthalates reproductive health women bisphenol A endocrine disrupters Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/3fe3fd34f1b2465283315769b1ba749d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:3fe3fd34f1b2465283315769b1ba749d2021-11-25T19:08:14ZFemale Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study10.3390/toxics91102992305-6304https://doaj.org/article/3fe3fd34f1b2465283315769b1ba749d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/11/299https://doaj.org/toc/2305-6304The xenoestrogenicity of some plasticisers (phthalates and bisphenol A) is documented in the literature and may pose a risk to female reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess exposure to six phthalates. This was achieved by measuring their respective metabolites (mono-ethylphthalate (MEP); mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP); mono-n-ottylphthalate (MnOP); and monobenzylphthalate (MBzP)), as well as the sum of two of the diethyl-hexyl phthalate metabolites-(∑DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in a female population with infertility problems, and by conducting a correlation analysis between infertility factors, work activities, and lifestyle habits, in order to formulate a causal hypothesis. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out and women under 43 years of age were recruited from an assisted reproduction technology (ART) center; the sample of 186 women was given a specific questionnaire and a spot urine sample was collected. Phthalate metabolites and urinary BPA were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. The results showed significantly higher mean values for MEP in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (820.5 ± 1929.5 µg/g of creatinine) and idiopathic infertility (230.0 ± 794.2 µg/g of creatinine) than in women with other infertility factors (76.9 ± 171.8 µg/g of creatinine). Similarly, for MnOP levels, women with idiopathic infertility (2.95 ± 3.44 µg/g of creatinine) showed significantly higher values than women with the other infertility factors taken together (1.35 ± 2.05 µg/g of creatinine). Women with tubal factors of infertility, RPL, and endocrine dysfunctions show higher values of DEHP (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Considering occupations, women working in commerce showed more than twice as much urinary BPA levels (1.10 ± 0.48 µg/g of creatinine) compared to women working in other industries (0.45 ± 0.35 µg/g of creatinine). The presence of significantly higher values of certain phthalates, DEHP in particular, especially in women with RPL and idiopathic infertility, suggests a possible involvement of these compounds as competing factors in reproductive issues. The study of sources of exposure suggested that the working activity in trade, as a casher in particular, represents a major one for BPA (<i>p</i> = 0.015).Lidia CaporossiPaola ViganòEnrico PaciSilvia CapannaAlessandra AlteriGiovanni CampoDaniela PiginiMariangela De RosaGiovanna TranfoBruno PapaleoMDPI AGarticlephthalatesreproductive healthwomenbisphenol Aendocrine disruptersChemical technologyTP1-1185ENToxics, Vol 9, Iss 299, p 299 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phthalates reproductive health women bisphenol A endocrine disrupters Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	phthalates reproductive health women bisphenol A endocrine disrupters Chemical technology TP1-1185 Lidia Caporossi Paola Viganò Enrico Paci Silvia Capanna Alessandra Alteri Giovanni Campo Daniela Pigini Mariangela De Rosa Giovanna Tranfo Bruno Papaleo Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
description	The xenoestrogenicity of some plasticisers (phthalates and bisphenol A) is documented in the literature and may pose a risk to female reproductive health. The aim of this study was to assess exposure to six phthalates. This was achieved by measuring their respective metabolites (mono-ethylphthalate (MEP); mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP); mono-n-ottylphthalate (MnOP); and monobenzylphthalate (MBzP)), as well as the sum of two of the diethyl-hexyl phthalate metabolites-(∑DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in a female population with infertility problems, and by conducting a correlation analysis between infertility factors, work activities, and lifestyle habits, in order to formulate a causal hypothesis. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out and women under 43 years of age were recruited from an assisted reproduction technology (ART) center; the sample of 186 women was given a specific questionnaire and a spot urine sample was collected. Phthalate metabolites and urinary BPA were analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS. The results showed significantly higher mean values for MEP in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (820.5 ± 1929.5 µg/g of creatinine) and idiopathic infertility (230.0 ± 794.2 µg/g of creatinine) than in women with other infertility factors (76.9 ± 171.8 µg/g of creatinine). Similarly, for MnOP levels, women with idiopathic infertility (2.95 ± 3.44 µg/g of creatinine) showed significantly higher values than women with the other infertility factors taken together (1.35 ± 2.05 µg/g of creatinine). Women with tubal factors of infertility, RPL, and endocrine dysfunctions show higher values of DEHP (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Considering occupations, women working in commerce showed more than twice as much urinary BPA levels (1.10 ± 0.48 µg/g of creatinine) compared to women working in other industries (0.45 ± 0.35 µg/g of creatinine). The presence of significantly higher values of certain phthalates, DEHP in particular, especially in women with RPL and idiopathic infertility, suggests a possible involvement of these compounds as competing factors in reproductive issues. The study of sources of exposure suggested that the working activity in trade, as a casher in particular, represents a major one for BPA (<i>p</i> = 0.015).
format	article
author	Lidia Caporossi Paola Viganò Enrico Paci Silvia Capanna Alessandra Alteri Giovanni Campo Daniela Pigini Mariangela De Rosa Giovanna Tranfo Bruno Papaleo
author_facet	Lidia Caporossi Paola Viganò Enrico Paci Silvia Capanna Alessandra Alteri Giovanni Campo Daniela Pigini Mariangela De Rosa Giovanna Tranfo Bruno Papaleo
author_sort	Lidia Caporossi
title	Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
title_short	Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
title_full	Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
title_fullStr	Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed	Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study
title_sort	female reproductive health and exposure to phthalates and bisphenol a: a cross sectional study
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/3fe3fd34f1b2465283315769b1ba749d
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Female Reproductive Health and Exposure to Phthalates and Bisphenol A: A Cross Sectional Study

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