Polyamines Involved in Regulating Self-Incompatibility in Apple
Apple exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which self-S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth, leading to failure of fertilization. To date, there have been few studies on how to resist the toxicity of self-S-RNase. In this study, pollen tube polyamines were found to respond to self-...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/40135ff76fe045e5847e1ab567b93297 |
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| Sumario: | Apple exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which self-S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth, leading to failure of fertilization. To date, there have been few studies on how to resist the toxicity of self-S-RNase. In this study, pollen tube polyamines were found to respond to self-S-RNase and help pollen tubes defend against self-S-RNase. In particular, the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase. Further analysis of gene expression of key enzymes in the synthesis and degradation pathways of polyamines found that the expression of <i>DIAMINE OXIDASE 4</i> (<i>MdDAO4</i>) as well as several polyamine oxidases such as <i>POLYAMINE OXIDASES 3</i> (<i>MdPAO3</i>), <i>POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4</i> (<i>MdPAO4</i>), and <i>POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6</i> (<i>MdPAO6</i>) were significantly up-regulated under self-S-RNase treatment, resulting in the reduction of polyamines. Silencing <i>MdPAO6</i> in pollen tubes alleviates the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth. In addition, exogenous polyamines also enhance pollen tube resistance to self-S-RNase. Transcriptome sequencing data found that polyamines may communicate with S-RNase through the calcium signal pathway, thereby regulating the growth of the pollen tubes. To summarize, our results suggested that polyamines responded to the self-incompatibility reaction and could enhance pollen tube tolerance to S-RNase, thus providing a potential way to break self-incompatibility in apple. |
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