Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione

Patients with schizophrenia diverge in their clinical trajectories. Such diverge outcomes may result from the resilience provided by antioxidant response system centered on glutathione (GSH). Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has enabled the precise in vivo measurement of intracortical...

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Autores principales:	Lena Palaniyappan, Priyadharshini Sabesan, Xuan Li, Qiang Luo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	psychosis redox anterior cingulate (ACC) n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) Nrf2 spectroscopy Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4016db6ba57142a8b9f70c2a2ea7aa1a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4016db6ba57142a8b9f70c2a2ea7aa1a2021-12-01T15:49:03ZSchizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.796466https://doaj.org/article/4016db6ba57142a8b9f70c2a2ea7aa1a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.796466/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Patients with schizophrenia diverge in their clinical trajectories. Such diverge outcomes may result from the resilience provided by antioxidant response system centered on glutathione (GSH). Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has enabled the precise in vivo measurement of intracortical GSH; but individual studies report highly variable results even when GSH levels are measured from the same brain region. This inconsistency could be due to the presence of distinct subgroups of schizophrenia with varying GSH-levels. At present, we do not know if schizophrenia increases the interindividual variability of intracortical GSH relative to matched healthy individuals. We reviewed all 1H-MRS GSH studies in schizophrenia focused on the Anterior Cingulate Cortex published until August 2021. We estimated the relative variability of ACC GSH levels in patients compared to control groups using the variability ratio (VR) and coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). The presence of schizophrenia significantly increases the variability of intracortical GSH in the ACC (logVR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.21; log CVR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.06–0.23). Insofar as increased within-group variability (heterogeneity) could result from the existence of subtypes, our results call for a careful examination of intracortical GSH distribution in schizophrenia to seek redox-deficient and redox-sufficient subgroups. An increase in GSH variability among patients also indicate that the within-group predictability of adaptive response to oxidative stress may be lower in schizophrenia. Uncovering the origins of this illness-related reduction in the redox system stability may provide novel treatment targets in schizophrenia.Lena PalaniyappanLena PalaniyappanLena PalaniyappanLena PalaniyappanPriyadharshini SabesanXuan LiQiang LuoQiang LuoFrontiers Media S.A.articlepsychosisredoxanterior cingulate (ACC)n-acetyl cysteine (NAC)Nrf2spectroscopyPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	psychosis redox anterior cingulate (ACC) n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) Nrf2 spectroscopy Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	psychosis redox anterior cingulate (ACC) n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) Nrf2 spectroscopy Psychiatry RC435-571 Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Priyadharshini Sabesan Xuan Li Qiang Luo Qiang Luo Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione
description	Patients with schizophrenia diverge in their clinical trajectories. Such diverge outcomes may result from the resilience provided by antioxidant response system centered on glutathione (GSH). Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has enabled the precise in vivo measurement of intracortical GSH; but individual studies report highly variable results even when GSH levels are measured from the same brain region. This inconsistency could be due to the presence of distinct subgroups of schizophrenia with varying GSH-levels. At present, we do not know if schizophrenia increases the interindividual variability of intracortical GSH relative to matched healthy individuals. We reviewed all 1H-MRS GSH studies in schizophrenia focused on the Anterior Cingulate Cortex published until August 2021. We estimated the relative variability of ACC GSH levels in patients compared to control groups using the variability ratio (VR) and coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). The presence of schizophrenia significantly increases the variability of intracortical GSH in the ACC (logVR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.21; log CVR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.06–0.23). Insofar as increased within-group variability (heterogeneity) could result from the existence of subtypes, our results call for a careful examination of intracortical GSH distribution in schizophrenia to seek redox-deficient and redox-sufficient subgroups. An increase in GSH variability among patients also indicate that the within-group predictability of adaptive response to oxidative stress may be lower in schizophrenia. Uncovering the origins of this illness-related reduction in the redox system stability may provide novel treatment targets in schizophrenia.
format	article
author	Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Priyadharshini Sabesan Xuan Li Qiang Luo Qiang Luo
author_facet	Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Lena Palaniyappan Priyadharshini Sabesan Xuan Li Qiang Luo Qiang Luo
author_sort	Lena Palaniyappan
title	Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione
title_short	Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione
title_full	Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione
title_fullStr	Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione
title_full_unstemmed	Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione
title_sort	schizophrenia increases variability of the central antioxidant system: a meta-analysis of variance from mrs studies of glutathione
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4016db6ba57142a8b9f70c2a2ea7aa1a
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Schizophrenia Increases Variability of the Central Antioxidant System: A Meta-Analysis of Variance From MRS Studies of Glutathione

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