Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.

The island of Newfoundland is unique because it has as many non-native terrestrial mammals as native ones. The impacts of non-native species on native flora and fauna can be profound and invasive species have been identified as one of the primary drivers of species extinction. Few studies, however,...

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Autores principales:	Justin S Strong, Shawn J Leroux
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4058e5a14f2f431c91479439431d8cbc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4058e5a14f2f431c91479439431d8cbc2021-11-25T06:02:37ZImpact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0106264https://doaj.org/article/4058e5a14f2f431c91479439431d8cbc2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25170923/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The island of Newfoundland is unique because it has as many non-native terrestrial mammals as native ones. The impacts of non-native species on native flora and fauna can be profound and invasive species have been identified as one of the primary drivers of species extinction. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of a non-native species assemblage on community and ecosystem properties. We reviewed the literature to build the first terrestrial mammal food web for the island of Newfoundland and then used network analyses to investigate how the timing of introductions and trophic position of non-native species has affected the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web in Newfoundland. The first non-native mammals (house mouse and brown rat) became established in Newfoundland with human settlement in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Coyotes and southern red-backed voles are the most recent mammals to establish themselves on the island in 1985 and 1998, respectively. The fraction of intermediate species increased with the addition of non-native mammals over time whereas the fraction of basal and top species declined over time. This increase in intermediate species mediated by non-native species arrivals led to an overall increase in the terrestrial mammal food web connectance and generality (i.e. mean number of prey per predator). This diverse prey base and sources of carrion may have facilitated the natural establishment of coyotes on the island. Also, there is some evidence that the introduction of non-native prey species such as the southern red-backed vole has contributed to the recovery of the threatened American marten. Long-term monitoring of the food web is required to understand and predict the impacts of the diverse novel interactions that are developing in the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland.Justin S StrongShawn J LerouxPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e106264 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Justin S Strong Shawn J Leroux Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.
description	The island of Newfoundland is unique because it has as many non-native terrestrial mammals as native ones. The impacts of non-native species on native flora and fauna can be profound and invasive species have been identified as one of the primary drivers of species extinction. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of a non-native species assemblage on community and ecosystem properties. We reviewed the literature to build the first terrestrial mammal food web for the island of Newfoundland and then used network analyses to investigate how the timing of introductions and trophic position of non-native species has affected the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web in Newfoundland. The first non-native mammals (house mouse and brown rat) became established in Newfoundland with human settlement in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Coyotes and southern red-backed voles are the most recent mammals to establish themselves on the island in 1985 and 1998, respectively. The fraction of intermediate species increased with the addition of non-native mammals over time whereas the fraction of basal and top species declined over time. This increase in intermediate species mediated by non-native species arrivals led to an overall increase in the terrestrial mammal food web connectance and generality (i.e. mean number of prey per predator). This diverse prey base and sources of carrion may have facilitated the natural establishment of coyotes on the island. Also, there is some evidence that the introduction of non-native prey species such as the southern red-backed vole has contributed to the recovery of the threatened American marten. Long-term monitoring of the food web is required to understand and predict the impacts of the diverse novel interactions that are developing in the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland.
format	article
author	Justin S Strong Shawn J Leroux
author_facet	Justin S Strong Shawn J Leroux
author_sort	Justin S Strong
title	Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.
title_short	Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.
title_full	Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.
title_fullStr	Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.
title_sort	impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of newfoundland, canada.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/4058e5a14f2f431c91479439431d8cbc
work_keys_str_mv	AT justinsstrong impactofnonnativeterrestrialmammalsonthestructureoftheterrestrialmammalfoodwebofnewfoundlandcanada AT shawnjleroux impactofnonnativeterrestrialmammalsonthestructureoftheterrestrialmammalfoodwebofnewfoundlandcanada
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Impact of non-native terrestrial mammals on the structure of the terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland, Canada.

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