The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.

The reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REVs) comprise several closely related amphotropic retroviruses isolated from birds. These viruses exhibit several highly unusual characteristics that have not so far been adequately explained, including their extremely close relationship to mammalian retroviruses,...

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Autores principales:	Anna Maria Niewiadomska, Robert J Gifford
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/405e0b997a6d45d6a2d477b115065baf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:405e0b997a6d45d6a2d477b115065baf2021-11-18T05:37:52ZThe extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001642https://doaj.org/article/405e0b997a6d45d6a2d477b115065baf2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24013706/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885The reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REVs) comprise several closely related amphotropic retroviruses isolated from birds. These viruses exhibit several highly unusual characteristics that have not so far been adequately explained, including their extremely close relationship to mammalian retroviruses, and their presence as endogenous sequences within the genomes of certain large DNA viruses. We present evidence for an iatrogenic origin of REVs that accounts for these phenomena. Firstly, we identify endogenous retroviral fossils in mammalian genomes that share a unique recombinant structure with REVs-unequivocally demonstrating that REVs derive directly from mammalian retroviruses. Secondly, through sequencing of archived REV isolates, we confirm that contaminated Plasmodium lophurae stocks have been the source of multiple REV outbreaks in experimentally infected birds. Finally, we show that both phylogenetic and historical evidence support a scenario wherein REVs originated as mammalian retroviruses that were accidentally introduced into avian hosts in the late 1930s, during experimental studies of P. lophurae, and subsequently integrated into the fowlpox virus (FWPV) and gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GHV-2) genomes, generating recombinant DNA viruses that now circulate in wild birds and poultry. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the origin and evolution of REV, and indicate that horizontal gene transfer between virus families can expand the impact of iatrogenic transmission events.Anna Maria NiewiadomskaRobert J GiffordPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e1001642 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Anna Maria Niewiadomska Robert J Gifford The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
description	The reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REVs) comprise several closely related amphotropic retroviruses isolated from birds. These viruses exhibit several highly unusual characteristics that have not so far been adequately explained, including their extremely close relationship to mammalian retroviruses, and their presence as endogenous sequences within the genomes of certain large DNA viruses. We present evidence for an iatrogenic origin of REVs that accounts for these phenomena. Firstly, we identify endogenous retroviral fossils in mammalian genomes that share a unique recombinant structure with REVs-unequivocally demonstrating that REVs derive directly from mammalian retroviruses. Secondly, through sequencing of archived REV isolates, we confirm that contaminated Plasmodium lophurae stocks have been the source of multiple REV outbreaks in experimentally infected birds. Finally, we show that both phylogenetic and historical evidence support a scenario wherein REVs originated as mammalian retroviruses that were accidentally introduced into avian hosts in the late 1930s, during experimental studies of P. lophurae, and subsequently integrated into the fowlpox virus (FWPV) and gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GHV-2) genomes, generating recombinant DNA viruses that now circulate in wild birds and poultry. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the origin and evolution of REV, and indicate that horizontal gene transfer between virus families can expand the impact of iatrogenic transmission events.
format	article
author	Anna Maria Niewiadomska Robert J Gifford
author_facet	Anna Maria Niewiadomska Robert J Gifford
author_sort	Anna Maria Niewiadomska
title	The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
title_short	The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
title_full	The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
title_fullStr	The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
title_full_unstemmed	The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
title_sort	extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/405e0b997a6d45d6a2d477b115065baf
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The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses.

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