Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.

We investigated whether lateral masking in the near-periphery, due to inhibitory lateral interactions at an early level of central visual processing, could be weakened by perceptual learning and whether learning transferred to an untrained, higher-level lateral masking known as crowding. The trained...

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Autores principales:	Marcello Maniglia, Andrea Pavan, Luigi F Cuturi, Gianluca Campana, Giovanni Sato, Clara Casco
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4067c740d9db4d858a0a088dfa78bdd5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4067c740d9db4d858a0a088dfa78bdd52021-11-18T07:35:24ZReducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0025568https://doaj.org/article/4067c740d9db4d858a0a088dfa78bdd52011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22065990/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203We investigated whether lateral masking in the near-periphery, due to inhibitory lateral interactions at an early level of central visual processing, could be weakened by perceptual learning and whether learning transferred to an untrained, higher-level lateral masking known as crowding. The trained task was contrast detection of a Gabor target presented in the near periphery (4°) in the presence of co-oriented and co-aligned high contrast Gabor flankers, which featured different target-to-flankers separations along the vertical axis that varied from 2λ to 8λ. We found both suppressive and facilitatory lateral interactions at target-to-flankers distances (2λ - 4λ and 8λ, respectively) that were larger than those found in the fovea. Training reduces suppression but does not increase facilitation. Most importantly, we found that learning reduces crowding and improves contrast sensitivity, but has no effect on visual acuity (VA). These results suggest a different pattern of connectivity in the periphery with respect to the fovea as well as a different modulation of this connectivity via perceptual learning that not only reduces low-level lateral masking but also reduces crowding. These results have important implications for the rehabilitation of low-vision patients who must use peripheral vision to perform tasks, such as reading and refined figure-ground segmentation, which normal sighted subjects perform in the fovea.Marcello ManigliaAndrea PavanLuigi F CuturiGianluca CampanaGiovanni SatoClara CascoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 10, p e25568 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marcello Maniglia Andrea Pavan Luigi F Cuturi Gianluca Campana Giovanni Sato Clara Casco Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
description	We investigated whether lateral masking in the near-periphery, due to inhibitory lateral interactions at an early level of central visual processing, could be weakened by perceptual learning and whether learning transferred to an untrained, higher-level lateral masking known as crowding. The trained task was contrast detection of a Gabor target presented in the near periphery (4°) in the presence of co-oriented and co-aligned high contrast Gabor flankers, which featured different target-to-flankers separations along the vertical axis that varied from 2λ to 8λ. We found both suppressive and facilitatory lateral interactions at target-to-flankers distances (2λ - 4λ and 8λ, respectively) that were larger than those found in the fovea. Training reduces suppression but does not increase facilitation. Most importantly, we found that learning reduces crowding and improves contrast sensitivity, but has no effect on visual acuity (VA). These results suggest a different pattern of connectivity in the periphery with respect to the fovea as well as a different modulation of this connectivity via perceptual learning that not only reduces low-level lateral masking but also reduces crowding. These results have important implications for the rehabilitation of low-vision patients who must use peripheral vision to perform tasks, such as reading and refined figure-ground segmentation, which normal sighted subjects perform in the fovea.
format	article
author	Marcello Maniglia Andrea Pavan Luigi F Cuturi Gianluca Campana Giovanni Sato Clara Casco
author_facet	Marcello Maniglia Andrea Pavan Luigi F Cuturi Gianluca Campana Giovanni Sato Clara Casco
author_sort	Marcello Maniglia
title	Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
title_short	Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
title_full	Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
title_fullStr	Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
title_full_unstemmed	Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
title_sort	reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/4067c740d9db4d858a0a088dfa78bdd5
work_keys_str_mv	AT marcellomaniglia reducingcrowdingbyweakeninginhibitorylateralinteractionsintheperipherywithperceptuallearning AT andreapavan reducingcrowdingbyweakeninginhibitorylateralinteractionsintheperipherywithperceptuallearning AT luigifcuturi reducingcrowdingbyweakeninginhibitorylateralinteractionsintheperipherywithperceptuallearning AT gianlucacampana reducingcrowdingbyweakeninginhibitorylateralinteractionsintheperipherywithperceptuallearning AT giovannisato reducingcrowdingbyweakeninginhibitorylateralinteractionsintheperipherywithperceptuallearning AT claracasco reducingcrowdingbyweakeninginhibitorylateralinteractionsintheperipherywithperceptuallearning
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Reducing crowding by weakening inhibitory lateral interactions in the periphery with perceptual learning.

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