$Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China$
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Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China

Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 58...

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Autores principales:	Lu Huo, Yuanyuan Qi, Shaozhen Zhao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Refractive error Myopia-related risk factors Infants Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/406f90da601947cab1846e3b0afe9136
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:406f90da601947cab1846e3b0afe91362021-11-28T12:42:17ZRefractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China10.1186/s12886-021-02172-21471-2415https://doaj.org/article/406f90da601947cab1846e3b0afe91362021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02172-2https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2415Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 583 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from February 2019 to November 2020. Each infant received a complete ophthalmologic examination, and myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. Results A total of 583 eligible infants participated in this study, including 312 (53.5%) boys and 271 (46.5%) girls. There were 164 (28.1%) premature born infants. The mean age was 6.59 ± 4.84 months (range, 1–18 months). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for the right eye was 1.81 D ± 1.56 D, with no difference related to sex (P = 0.104). Refractive state showed an average hyperopia of +2.74 ± 1.74 D at early ages, followed by a trend toward less hyperopia, finally reaching +1.35 ± 1.44 D at the age of 18 months (P ≤0.001). The overall prevalence rates of myopia (MSE ≤ −0.50 D), emmetropia (−0.50 D<MSE<+0.50 D), hyperopia (MSE ≥ +2.00 D), and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) were 5.1%, 10.8%, 42.7%, and 49.9%, respectively. The chi-square tests showed that gender, gestational age ≥37 weeks, winter birth, prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of high myopia were associated with children’s myopia (P = 0.022, P = 0.023, P = 0.038, P = 0.015, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Among Chinese infants in Tianjin, hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors, and the diopter was lower in individuals with higher age. In a small number of infants with myopia, genetic factors and the prenatal environment were associated with the early onset of myopia.Lu HuoYuanyuan QiShaozhen ZhaoBMCarticleRefractive errorMyopia-related risk factorsInfantsOphthalmologyRE1-994ENBMC Ophthalmology, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Refractive error Myopia-related risk factors Infants Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	Refractive error Myopia-related risk factors Infants Ophthalmology RE1-994 Lu Huo Yuanyuan Qi Shaozhen Zhao Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China
description	Abstract Background Infancy is the of a child’s visual development. Refractive errors, especially myopia, are a common vision disorder. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China. Methods A total of 583 infants aged 1–18 months participated in this cross-sectional study at Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center in China from February 2019 to November 2020. Each infant received a complete ophthalmologic examination, and myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. Results A total of 583 eligible infants participated in this study, including 312 (53.5%) boys and 271 (46.5%) girls. There were 164 (28.1%) premature born infants. The mean age was 6.59 ± 4.84 months (range, 1–18 months). The mean spherical equivalent (MSE) for the right eye was 1.81 D ± 1.56 D, with no difference related to sex (P = 0.104). Refractive state showed an average hyperopia of +2.74 ± 1.74 D at early ages, followed by a trend toward less hyperopia, finally reaching +1.35 ± 1.44 D at the age of 18 months (P ≤0.001). The overall prevalence rates of myopia (MSE ≤ −0.50 D), emmetropia (−0.50 D<MSE<+0.50 D), hyperopia (MSE ≥ +2.00 D), and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) were 5.1%, 10.8%, 42.7%, and 49.9%, respectively. The chi-square tests showed that gender, gestational age ≥37 weeks, winter birth, prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and parental history of high myopia were associated with children’s myopia (P = 0.022, P = 0.023, P = 0.038, P = 0.015, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions Among Chinese infants in Tianjin, hyperopia and astigmatism were the most frequent refractive errors, and the diopter was lower in individuals with higher age. In a small number of infants with myopia, genetic factors and the prenatal environment were associated with the early onset of myopia.
format	article
author	Lu Huo Yuanyuan Qi Shaozhen Zhao
author_facet	Lu Huo Yuanyuan Qi Shaozhen Zhao
author_sort	Lu Huo
title	Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China
title_short	Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China
title_full	Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China
title_fullStr	Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China
title_full_unstemmed	Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China
title_sort	refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in tianjin, china
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/406f90da601947cab1846e3b0afe9136
work_keys_str_mv	AT luhuo refractiveerrorsandriskfactorsformyopiaininfantsaged118monthsintianjinchina AT yuanyuanqi refractiveerrorsandriskfactorsformyopiaininfantsaged118monthsintianjinchina AT shaozhenzhao refractiveerrorsandriskfactorsformyopiaininfantsaged118monthsintianjinchina
_version_	1718407828873412608

Refractive errors and risk factors for myopia in infants aged 1–18 months in Tianjin, China

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