Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials

This paper deals with the hygric characterization of early 20th century machine-made clay bricks, representative of great number of historical buildings in north-eastern Poland. Heritage buildings have a high potential for adaptive reuse, which is strictly connected with an urge for knowledge about...

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Autores principales:	Maria Tunkiewicz, Joanna Misiewicz, Pawel Sikora, Sang-Yeop Chung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	historical materials clay bricks resistance to freeze-thaw cycles compressive strength MIP micro-CT Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4082989f96b542f19a81007ff356ada92021-11-11T18:12:17ZHygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials10.3390/ma142167061996-1944https://doaj.org/article/4082989f96b542f19a81007ff356ada92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6706https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944This paper deals with the hygric characterization of early 20th century machine-made clay bricks, representative of great number of historical buildings in north-eastern Poland. Heritage buildings have a high potential for adaptive reuse, which is strictly connected with an urge for knowledge about the properties of these existing building envelopes. To better understand the hygric behavior of historic buildings, various experimental laboratory tests, including density, water absorption, compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance, were conducted. In order to assess the microstructural characteristics of the tested bricks, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) tests were performed. These tests were conducted on clay bricks from historic buildings, as well as on those that are currently being produced, in order to identify the relationship between the materials used in the past and the replacements produced presently. This paper addresses the lack of systematic application of existing standards for evaluating the state of the conservation of historic bricks and for establishing the specifications for replacement bricks. The results of conducted study and further research will be the basis for creating a historic materials database. It would be a useful tool for selecting bricks that correspond with the historically used materials and help to maintain homogenous structure of the restored buildings.Maria TunkiewiczJoanna MisiewiczPawel SikoraSang-Yeop ChungMDPI AGarticlehistorical materialsclay bricksresistance to freeze-thaw cyclescompressive strengthMIPmicro-CTTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6706, p 6706 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	historical materials clay bricks resistance to freeze-thaw cycles compressive strength MIP micro-CT Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	historical materials clay bricks resistance to freeze-thaw cycles compressive strength MIP micro-CT Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Maria Tunkiewicz Joanna Misiewicz Pawel Sikora Sang-Yeop Chung Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials
description	This paper deals with the hygric characterization of early 20th century machine-made clay bricks, representative of great number of historical buildings in north-eastern Poland. Heritage buildings have a high potential for adaptive reuse, which is strictly connected with an urge for knowledge about the properties of these existing building envelopes. To better understand the hygric behavior of historic buildings, various experimental laboratory tests, including density, water absorption, compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance, were conducted. In order to assess the microstructural characteristics of the tested bricks, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) tests were performed. These tests were conducted on clay bricks from historic buildings, as well as on those that are currently being produced, in order to identify the relationship between the materials used in the past and the replacements produced presently. This paper addresses the lack of systematic application of existing standards for evaluating the state of the conservation of historic bricks and for establishing the specifications for replacement bricks. The results of conducted study and further research will be the basis for creating a historic materials database. It would be a useful tool for selecting bricks that correspond with the historically used materials and help to maintain homogenous structure of the restored buildings.
format	article
author	Maria Tunkiewicz Joanna Misiewicz Pawel Sikora Sang-Yeop Chung
author_facet	Maria Tunkiewicz Joanna Misiewicz Pawel Sikora Sang-Yeop Chung
author_sort	Maria Tunkiewicz
title	Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials
title_short	Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials
title_full	Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials
title_fullStr	Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials
title_full_unstemmed	Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials
title_sort	hygric properties of machine-made, historic clay bricks from north-eastern poland (former east prussia): characterization and specification for replacement materials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4082989f96b542f19a81007ff356ada9
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariatunkiewicz hygricpropertiesofmachinemadehistoricclaybricksfromnortheasternpolandformereastprussiacharacterizationandspecificationforreplacementmaterials AT joannamisiewicz hygricpropertiesofmachinemadehistoricclaybricksfromnortheasternpolandformereastprussiacharacterizationandspecificationforreplacementmaterials AT pawelsikora hygricpropertiesofmachinemadehistoricclaybricksfromnortheasternpolandformereastprussiacharacterizationandspecificationforreplacementmaterials AT sangyeopchung hygricpropertiesofmachinemadehistoricclaybricksfromnortheasternpolandformereastprussiacharacterizationandspecificationforreplacementmaterials
_version_	1718431879179272192

Hygric Properties of Machine-Made, Historic Clay Bricks from North-Eastern Poland (Former East Prussia): Characterization and Specification for Replacement Materials

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