The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity

Abstract The project of identifying the cognitive mechanisms or information-processing functions that cause people to categorize others by their race is one of the longest-standing and socially-impactful scientific issues in all of the behavioral sciences. This paper addresses a critical issue with...

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Autor principal:	David Pietraszewski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/40938b838fba43ba8ad42677c0beb080
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:40938b838fba43ba8ad42677c0beb0802021-12-02T14:26:54ZThe correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity10.1038/s41598-021-82975-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/40938b838fba43ba8ad42677c0beb0802021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82975-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The project of identifying the cognitive mechanisms or information-processing functions that cause people to categorize others by their race is one of the longest-standing and socially-impactful scientific issues in all of the behavioral sciences. This paper addresses a critical issue with one of the few hypotheses in this area that has thus far been successful—the alliance hypothesis of race—which had predicted a set of experimental circumstances that appeared to selectively target and modify people’s implicit categorization of others by their race. Here, we will show why the evidence put forward in favor of this hypothesis was not in fact evidence in support of the hypothesis, contrary to common understanding. We will then provide the necessary and crucial tests of the hypothesis in the context of conflictual alliances, determining if the predictions of the alliance hypothesis of racial categorization in fact hold up to experimental scrutiny. When adequately tested, we find that indeed categorization by race is selectively reduced when crossed with membership in antagonistic alliances—the very pattern predicted by the alliance hypothesis. This finding provides direct experimental evidence that the human mind treats race as proxy for alliance membership, implying that racial categorization does not reflect attention to physical features per se, but rather to social relationships.David PietraszewskiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q David Pietraszewski The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
description	Abstract The project of identifying the cognitive mechanisms or information-processing functions that cause people to categorize others by their race is one of the longest-standing and socially-impactful scientific issues in all of the behavioral sciences. This paper addresses a critical issue with one of the few hypotheses in this area that has thus far been successful—the alliance hypothesis of race—which had predicted a set of experimental circumstances that appeared to selectively target and modify people’s implicit categorization of others by their race. Here, we will show why the evidence put forward in favor of this hypothesis was not in fact evidence in support of the hypothesis, contrary to common understanding. We will then provide the necessary and crucial tests of the hypothesis in the context of conflictual alliances, determining if the predictions of the alliance hypothesis of racial categorization in fact hold up to experimental scrutiny. When adequately tested, we find that indeed categorization by race is selectively reduced when crossed with membership in antagonistic alliances—the very pattern predicted by the alliance hypothesis. This finding provides direct experimental evidence that the human mind treats race as proxy for alliance membership, implying that racial categorization does not reflect attention to physical features per se, but rather to social relationships.
format	article
author	David Pietraszewski
author_facet	David Pietraszewski
author_sort	David Pietraszewski
title	The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
title_short	The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
title_full	The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
title_fullStr	The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
title_full_unstemmed	The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
title_sort	correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/40938b838fba43ba8ad42677c0beb080
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The correct way to test the hypothesis that racial categorization is a byproduct of an evolved alliance-tracking capacity

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