Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.

A major challenge in disease ecology is to understand the role of individual variation of infection load on disease transmission dynamics and how this influences the evolution of resistance or tolerance mechanisms. Such information will improve our capacity to understand, predict, and mitigate patho...

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Autores principales: Mark D Jankowski, Christopher J Williams, Jeanne M Fair, Jennifer C Owen
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Publicado: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:40b0de9b9cc04ac9871b6964b9fa90192021-11-18T08:58:32ZBirds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0072611https://doaj.org/article/40b0de9b9cc04ac9871b6964b9fa90192013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23991129/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A major challenge in disease ecology is to understand the role of individual variation of infection load on disease transmission dynamics and how this influences the evolution of resistance or tolerance mechanisms. Such information will improve our capacity to understand, predict, and mitigate pathogen-associated disease in all organisms. In many host-pathogen systems, particularly macroparasites and sexually transmitted diseases, it has been found that approximately 20% of the population is responsible for approximately 80% of the transmission events. Although host contact rates can account for some of this pattern, pathogen transmission dynamics also depend upon host infectiousness, an area that has received relatively little attention. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of pathogen shedding rates of 24 host (avian) - pathogen (RNA-virus) studies, including 17 bird species and five important zoonotic viruses. We determined that viral count data followed the Weibull distribution, the mean Gini coefficient (an index of inequality) was 0.687 (0.036 SEM), and that 22.0% (0.90 SEM) of the birds shed 80% of the virus across all studies, suggesting an adherence of viral shedding counts to the Pareto Principle. The relative position of a bird in a distribution of viral counts was affected by factors extrinsic to the host, such as exposure to corticosterone and to a lesser extent reduced food availability, but not to intrinsic host factors including age, sex, and migratory status. These data provide a quantitative view of heterogeneous virus shedding in birds that may be used to better parameterize epidemiological models and understand transmission dynamics.Mark D JankowskiChristopher J WilliamsJeanne M FairJennifer C OwenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e72611 (2013)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Mark D Jankowski
Christopher J Williams
Jeanne M Fair
Jennifer C Owen
Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.
description A major challenge in disease ecology is to understand the role of individual variation of infection load on disease transmission dynamics and how this influences the evolution of resistance or tolerance mechanisms. Such information will improve our capacity to understand, predict, and mitigate pathogen-associated disease in all organisms. In many host-pathogen systems, particularly macroparasites and sexually transmitted diseases, it has been found that approximately 20% of the population is responsible for approximately 80% of the transmission events. Although host contact rates can account for some of this pattern, pathogen transmission dynamics also depend upon host infectiousness, an area that has received relatively little attention. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of pathogen shedding rates of 24 host (avian) - pathogen (RNA-virus) studies, including 17 bird species and five important zoonotic viruses. We determined that viral count data followed the Weibull distribution, the mean Gini coefficient (an index of inequality) was 0.687 (0.036 SEM), and that 22.0% (0.90 SEM) of the birds shed 80% of the virus across all studies, suggesting an adherence of viral shedding counts to the Pareto Principle. The relative position of a bird in a distribution of viral counts was affected by factors extrinsic to the host, such as exposure to corticosterone and to a lesser extent reduced food availability, but not to intrinsic host factors including age, sex, and migratory status. These data provide a quantitative view of heterogeneous virus shedding in birds that may be used to better parameterize epidemiological models and understand transmission dynamics.
format article
author Mark D Jankowski
Christopher J Williams
Jeanne M Fair
Jennifer C Owen
author_facet Mark D Jankowski
Christopher J Williams
Jeanne M Fair
Jennifer C Owen
author_sort Mark D Jankowski
title Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.
title_short Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.
title_full Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.
title_fullStr Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.
title_full_unstemmed Birds shed RNA-viruses according to the pareto principle.
title_sort birds shed rna-viruses according to the pareto principle.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate 2013
url https://doaj.org/article/40b0de9b9cc04ac9871b6964b9fa9019
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AT christopherjwilliams birdsshedrnavirusesaccordingtotheparetoprinciple
AT jeannemfair birdsshedrnavirusesaccordingtotheparetoprinciple
AT jennifercowen birdsshedrnavirusesaccordingtotheparetoprinciple
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