Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences

In a single human gut, which is estimated to produce 1000-times more bacteria in a single day than the entire human population on Earth as of 2020, the potential for evolution is vast. In addition to the sheer volume of reproductive events, prokaryotes can transfer most genes horizontally, greatly a...

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Autores principales: Celina You, Milan Jirků, David L. Corcoran, William Parker, Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/40cad4f9e8e749119dd5183a6de509e3
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:40cad4f9e8e749119dd5183a6de509e32021-11-14T04:31:39ZAltered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences2001-037010.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.033https://doaj.org/article/40cad4f9e8e749119dd5183a6de509e32021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2001037021004554https://doaj.org/toc/2001-0370In a single human gut, which is estimated to produce 1000-times more bacteria in a single day than the entire human population on Earth as of 2020, the potential for evolution is vast. In addition to the sheer volume of reproductive events, prokaryotes can transfer most genes horizontally, greatly accelerating their potential to evolve. In the face of this evolutionary potential, Westernization has led to profound changes in the ecosystem of the gut, including increased chronic inflammation in many individuals and dramatically reduced fiber consumption and decreased seasonal variation in the diet of most individuals. Experimental work using a variety of model systems has shown that bacteria will evolve within days to weeks when faced with substantial environmental changes. However, studies evaluating the effects of inflammation of the gut on the microbiota are still in their infancy and generally confounded by the effects of the microbiota on the immune system. At the same time, experimental data indicate that complete loss of fiber from the diet constitutes an extinction-level event for the gut microbiota. However, these studies evaluating diet may not apply to Westernized humans who typically have reduced but not absent levels of fiber in their diet. Thus, while it is expected that the microbiota will evolve rapidly in the face of Westernization, experimental studies that address the magnitude of that evolution are generally lacking, and it remains unknown to what extent this evolutionary process affects disease and the ability to treat the disease state.Celina YouMilan JirkůDavid L. CorcoranWilliam ParkerKateřina Jirků-PomajbíkováElsevierarticleMicrobiotaEvolutionEnvironmentFiberInflammationBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65ENComputational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Vol 19, Iss , Pp 5969-5977 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Microbiota
Evolution
Environment
Fiber
Inflammation
Biotechnology
TP248.13-248.65
spellingShingle Microbiota
Evolution
Environment
Fiber
Inflammation
Biotechnology
TP248.13-248.65
Celina You
Milan Jirků
David L. Corcoran
William Parker
Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
description In a single human gut, which is estimated to produce 1000-times more bacteria in a single day than the entire human population on Earth as of 2020, the potential for evolution is vast. In addition to the sheer volume of reproductive events, prokaryotes can transfer most genes horizontally, greatly accelerating their potential to evolve. In the face of this evolutionary potential, Westernization has led to profound changes in the ecosystem of the gut, including increased chronic inflammation in many individuals and dramatically reduced fiber consumption and decreased seasonal variation in the diet of most individuals. Experimental work using a variety of model systems has shown that bacteria will evolve within days to weeks when faced with substantial environmental changes. However, studies evaluating the effects of inflammation of the gut on the microbiota are still in their infancy and generally confounded by the effects of the microbiota on the immune system. At the same time, experimental data indicate that complete loss of fiber from the diet constitutes an extinction-level event for the gut microbiota. However, these studies evaluating diet may not apply to Westernized humans who typically have reduced but not absent levels of fiber in their diet. Thus, while it is expected that the microbiota will evolve rapidly in the face of Westernization, experimental studies that address the magnitude of that evolution are generally lacking, and it remains unknown to what extent this evolutionary process affects disease and the ability to treat the disease state.
format article
author Celina You
Milan Jirků
David L. Corcoran
William Parker
Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
author_facet Celina You
Milan Jirků
David L. Corcoran
William Parker
Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková
author_sort Celina You
title Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
title_short Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
title_full Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
title_fullStr Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
title_full_unstemmed Altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: A recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
title_sort altered gut ecosystems plus the microbiota’s potential for rapid evolution: a recipe for inevitable change with unknown consequences
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/40cad4f9e8e749119dd5183a6de509e3
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