True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility

Accessibility is a key aspect for the presentation of research data. In palaeontology, new data is routinely obtained with computational techniques, such as finite-element analysis (FEA). FEA is used to calculate stress and deformation in objects when subjected to external forces. Results are displa...

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Autor principal:	Stephan Lautenschlager
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	The Royal Society 2021
Materias:	biomechanical analysis digital visualization fossils three-dimensional models Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/40d209adc3114ed492b17024bf1f6102
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:40d209adc3114ed492b17024bf1f61022021-11-17T08:05:51ZTrue colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility10.1098/rsos.2113572054-5703https://doaj.org/article/40d209adc3114ed492b17024bf1f61022021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211357https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703Accessibility is a key aspect for the presentation of research data. In palaeontology, new data is routinely obtained with computational techniques, such as finite-element analysis (FEA). FEA is used to calculate stress and deformation in objects when subjected to external forces. Results are displayed using contour plots in which colour information is used to convey the underlying biomechanical data. The Rainbow colour map is nearly exclusively used for these contour plots in palaeontological studies. However, numerous studies in other disciplines have shown the Rainbow map to be problematic due to uneven colour representation and its inaccessibility for those with colour vision deficiencies. Here, different colour maps were tested for their accuracy in representing values of FEA models. Differences in stress magnitudes (ΔS) and colour values (ΔE) of subsequent points from the FEA models were compared and their correlation was used as a measure of accuracy. The results confirm that the Rainbow colour map is not well suited to represent the underlying stress distribution of FEA models with other colour maps showing a higher discriminative power. As the performance of the colour maps varied with tested scenarios/stress types, it is recommended to use different colour maps for specific purposes.Stephan LautenschlagerThe Royal Societyarticlebiomechanical analysisdigital visualizationfossilsthree-dimensional modelsScienceQENRoyal Society Open Science, Vol 8, Iss 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biomechanical analysis digital visualization fossils three-dimensional models Science Q
spellingShingle	biomechanical analysis digital visualization fossils three-dimensional models Science Q Stephan Lautenschlager True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
description	Accessibility is a key aspect for the presentation of research data. In palaeontology, new data is routinely obtained with computational techniques, such as finite-element analysis (FEA). FEA is used to calculate stress and deformation in objects when subjected to external forces. Results are displayed using contour plots in which colour information is used to convey the underlying biomechanical data. The Rainbow colour map is nearly exclusively used for these contour plots in palaeontological studies. However, numerous studies in other disciplines have shown the Rainbow map to be problematic due to uneven colour representation and its inaccessibility for those with colour vision deficiencies. Here, different colour maps were tested for their accuracy in representing values of FEA models. Differences in stress magnitudes (ΔS) and colour values (ΔE) of subsequent points from the FEA models were compared and their correlation was used as a measure of accuracy. The results confirm that the Rainbow colour map is not well suited to represent the underlying stress distribution of FEA models with other colour maps showing a higher discriminative power. As the performance of the colour maps varied with tested scenarios/stress types, it is recommended to use different colour maps for specific purposes.
format	article
author	Stephan Lautenschlager
author_facet	Stephan Lautenschlager
author_sort	Stephan Lautenschlager
title	True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
title_short	True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
title_full	True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
title_fullStr	True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
title_full_unstemmed	True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
title_sort	true colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility
publisher	The Royal Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/40d209adc3114ed492b17024bf1f6102
work_keys_str_mv	AT stephanlautenschlager truecoloursorredherringscolourmapsforfiniteelementanalysisinpalaeontologicalstudiestoenhanceinterpretationandaccessibility
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True colours or red herrings?: colour maps for finite-element analysis in palaeontological studies to enhance interpretation and accessibility

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