The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses...

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Autores principales:	Chiara Maria Lo Feudo, Luca Stucchi, Elena Alberti, Giovanni Stancari, Bianca Conturba, Enrica Zucca, Francesco Ferrucci
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	horse equine thoracic ultrasonography airways endoscopy equine asthma EIPH Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/40e66b9417b6483281833cff1824b051
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:40e66b9417b6483281833cff1824b0512021-11-25T19:12:05ZThe Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage10.3390/vetsci81102762306-7381https://doaj.org/article/40e66b9417b6483281833cff1824b0512021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/11/276https://doaj.org/toc/2306-7381Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.Chiara Maria Lo FeudoLuca StucchiElena AlbertiGiovanni StancariBianca ConturbaEnrica ZuccaFrancesco FerrucciMDPI AGarticlehorseequinethoracic ultrasonographyairways endoscopyequine asthmaEIPHVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 276, p 276 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	horse equine thoracic ultrasonography airways endoscopy equine asthma EIPH Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	horse equine thoracic ultrasonography airways endoscopy equine asthma EIPH Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Chiara Maria Lo Feudo Luca Stucchi Elena Alberti Giovanni Stancari Bianca Conturba Enrica Zucca Francesco Ferrucci The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
description	Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.
format	article
author	Chiara Maria Lo Feudo Luca Stucchi Elena Alberti Giovanni Stancari Bianca Conturba Enrica Zucca Francesco Ferrucci
author_facet	Chiara Maria Lo Feudo Luca Stucchi Elena Alberti Giovanni Stancari Bianca Conturba Enrica Zucca Francesco Ferrucci
author_sort	Chiara Maria Lo Feudo
title	The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
title_short	The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
title_full	The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
title_fullStr	The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
title_full_unstemmed	The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
title_sort	role of thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy in the diagnosis of equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/40e66b9417b6483281833cff1824b051
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The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

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