Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related death, but it remains difficult to treat. Intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are inherent properties of breast, skin, lung, prostate, and brain tumors, and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) helps define prognosis a...

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Autores principales:	Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar, Chad H. VanSant-Webb, Kimberley J. Evason
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cancer liver cancer single-cell sequencing β-catenin TERT intratumor heterogeneity Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/40e749afbae64edf93d626e3af8de048
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:40e749afbae64edf93d626e3af8de048
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:40e749afbae64edf93d626e3af8de0482021-11-11T15:33:51ZIntratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities10.3390/cancers132155242072-6694https://doaj.org/article/40e749afbae64edf93d626e3af8de0482021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5524https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related death, but it remains difficult to treat. Intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are inherent properties of breast, skin, lung, prostate, and brain tumors, and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) helps define prognosis and therapeutic response in these cancers. Several recent studies estimate that ITH is inherent to HCC and attribute the clinical intractability of HCC to this heterogeneity. In this review, we examine the evidence for genomic, phenotypic, and tumor microenvironment ITH in HCC, with a focus on two of the top molecular drivers of HCC: β-catenin (CTNNB1) and Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). We discuss the influence of ITH on HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, while highlighting the gaps in knowledge and possible future directions.Sharanya Maanasi KalasekarChad H. VanSant-WebbKimberley J. EvasonMDPI AGarticlecancerliver cancersingle-cell sequencingβ-cateninTERTintratumor heterogeneityNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5524, p 5524 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cancer liver cancer single-cell sequencing β-catenin TERT intratumor heterogeneity Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	cancer liver cancer single-cell sequencing β-catenin TERT intratumor heterogeneity Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar Chad H. VanSant-Webb Kimberley J. Evason Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities
description	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related death, but it remains difficult to treat. Intratumor genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity are inherent properties of breast, skin, lung, prostate, and brain tumors, and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) helps define prognosis and therapeutic response in these cancers. Several recent studies estimate that ITH is inherent to HCC and attribute the clinical intractability of HCC to this heterogeneity. In this review, we examine the evidence for genomic, phenotypic, and tumor microenvironment ITH in HCC, with a focus on two of the top molecular drivers of HCC: β-catenin (CTNNB1) and Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). We discuss the influence of ITH on HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, while highlighting the gaps in knowledge and possible future directions.
format	article
author	Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar Chad H. VanSant-Webb Kimberley J. Evason
author_facet	Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar Chad H. VanSant-Webb Kimberley J. Evason
author_sort	Sharanya Maanasi Kalasekar
title	Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities
title_short	Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities
title_full	Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities
title_fullStr	Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities
title_full_unstemmed	Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities
title_sort	intratumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: challenges and opportunities
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/40e749afbae64edf93d626e3af8de048
work_keys_str_mv	AT sharanyamaanasikalasekar intratumorheterogeneityinhepatocellularcarcinomachallengesandopportunities AT chadhvansantwebb intratumorheterogeneityinhepatocellularcarcinomachallengesandopportunities AT kimberleyjevason intratumorheterogeneityinhepatocellularcarcinomachallengesandopportunities
_version_	1718435173656166400

Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities

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