New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin

Abstract Many works of art have been attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), the great artist-scientist-engineer of the Italian Renaissance; however, art historians have struggled to find definitive proof to connect Leonardo to these art pieces. The Flora wax bust in the Bode Museum, Berlin, wa...

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Autores principales:	Ina Reiche, Lucile Beck, Ingrid Caffy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/40ebac9c591b486095263f70fc864cf4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:40ebac9c591b486095263f70fc864cf42021-12-02T14:27:59ZNew results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin10.1038/s41598-021-85505-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/40ebac9c591b486095263f70fc864cf42021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85505-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Many works of art have been attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), the great artist-scientist-engineer of the Italian Renaissance; however, art historians have struggled to find definitive proof to connect Leonardo to these art pieces. The Flora wax bust in the Bode Museum, Berlin, was attributed to Leonardo because her face resembles several Leonardo portraits, but this attribution has the subject of intense debate since the bust’s acquisition in 1909. Using new chemical analyses and absolute 14C dating, we are able to resolve the question of authenticity. We show that the Flora wax bust is made primarily of spermaceti which was extracted from sperm whales. Therefore, 14C dating must consider the Marine Reservoir Effect. We have generated a new calibration method and dated the bust to the 19th c. This proves that the bust was not produced during the Renaissance, and thus cannot be attributed to da Vinci, and illustrates that 14C dating can be applied to unusual materials.Ina ReicheLucile BeckIngrid CaffyNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ina Reiche Lucile Beck Ingrid Caffy New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
description	Abstract Many works of art have been attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), the great artist-scientist-engineer of the Italian Renaissance; however, art historians have struggled to find definitive proof to connect Leonardo to these art pieces. The Flora wax bust in the Bode Museum, Berlin, was attributed to Leonardo because her face resembles several Leonardo portraits, but this attribution has the subject of intense debate since the bust’s acquisition in 1909. Using new chemical analyses and absolute 14C dating, we are able to resolve the question of authenticity. We show that the Flora wax bust is made primarily of spermaceti which was extracted from sperm whales. Therefore, 14C dating must consider the Marine Reservoir Effect. We have generated a new calibration method and dated the bust to the 19th c. This proves that the bust was not produced during the Renaissance, and thus cannot be attributed to da Vinci, and illustrates that 14C dating can be applied to unusual materials.
format	article
author	Ina Reiche Lucile Beck Ingrid Caffy
author_facet	Ina Reiche Lucile Beck Ingrid Caffy
author_sort	Ina Reiche
title	New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
title_short	New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
title_full	New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
title_fullStr	New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
title_full_unstemmed	New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
title_sort	new results with regard to the flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/40ebac9c591b486095263f70fc864cf4
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New results with regard to the Flora bust controversy: radiocarbon dating suggests nineteenth century origin

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