Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.

<h4>Background</h4>Emerging bacterial zoonoses in bats and rodents remain relatively understudied. We conduct the first comparative host-pathogen coevolutionary analyses of bacterial pathogens in these hosts, using Bartonella spp. and Leptospira spp. as a model.<h4>Methodology/prin...

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Autores principales:	Bonnie R Lei, Kevin J Olival
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/410da3c0585b433d89b8f92d2a4bc2fa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:410da3c0585b433d89b8f92d2a4bc2fa2021-11-18T09:16:17ZContrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0002738https://doaj.org/article/410da3c0585b433d89b8f92d2a4bc2fa2014-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24651646/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Emerging bacterial zoonoses in bats and rodents remain relatively understudied. We conduct the first comparative host-pathogen coevolutionary analyses of bacterial pathogens in these hosts, using Bartonella spp. and Leptospira spp. as a model.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We used published genetic data for 51 Bartonella genotypes from 24 bat species, 129 Bartonella from 38 rodents, and 26 Leptospira from 20 bats. We generated maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for hosts and bacteria, and tested for coevoutionary congruence using programs ParaFit, PACO, and Jane. Bartonella spp. and their bat hosts had a significant coevolutionary fit (ParaFitGlobal = 1.9703, P≤0.001; m2 global value = 7.3320, P≤0.0001). Bartonella spp. and rodent hosts also indicated strong overall patterns of cospeciation (ParaFitGlobal = 102.4409, P≤0.001; m2 global value = 86.532, P≤0.0001). In contrast, we were unable to reject independence of speciation events in Leptospira and bats (ParaFitGlobal = 0.0042, P = 0.84; m2 global value = 4.6310, P = 0.5629). Separate analyses of New World and Old World data subsets yielded results congruent with analysis from entire datasets. We also conducted event-based cophylogeny analyses to reconstruct likely evolutionary histories for each group of pathogens and hosts. Leptospira and bats had the greatest number of host switches per parasite (0.731), while Bartonella and rodents had the fewest (0.264).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>In both bat and rodent hosts, Bartonella exhibits significant coevolution with minimal host switching, while Leptospira in bats lacks evolutionary congruence with its host and has high number of host switches. Reasons underlying these variable coevolutionary patterns in host range are likely due to differences in disease-specific transmission and host ecology. Understanding the coevolutionary patterns and frequency of host-switching events between bacterial pathogens and their hosts will allow better prediction of spillover between mammal reservoirs, and ultimately to humans.Bonnie R LeiKevin J OlivalPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e2738 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Bonnie R Lei Kevin J Olival Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Emerging bacterial zoonoses in bats and rodents remain relatively understudied. We conduct the first comparative host-pathogen coevolutionary analyses of bacterial pathogens in these hosts, using Bartonella spp. and Leptospira spp. as a model.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We used published genetic data for 51 Bartonella genotypes from 24 bat species, 129 Bartonella from 38 rodents, and 26 Leptospira from 20 bats. We generated maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for hosts and bacteria, and tested for coevoutionary congruence using programs ParaFit, PACO, and Jane. Bartonella spp. and their bat hosts had a significant coevolutionary fit (ParaFitGlobal = 1.9703, P≤0.001; m2 global value = 7.3320, P≤0.0001). Bartonella spp. and rodent hosts also indicated strong overall patterns of cospeciation (ParaFitGlobal = 102.4409, P≤0.001; m2 global value = 86.532, P≤0.0001). In contrast, we were unable to reject independence of speciation events in Leptospira and bats (ParaFitGlobal = 0.0042, P = 0.84; m2 global value = 4.6310, P = 0.5629). Separate analyses of New World and Old World data subsets yielded results congruent with analysis from entire datasets. We also conducted event-based cophylogeny analyses to reconstruct likely evolutionary histories for each group of pathogens and hosts. Leptospira and bats had the greatest number of host switches per parasite (0.731), while Bartonella and rodents had the fewest (0.264).<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>In both bat and rodent hosts, Bartonella exhibits significant coevolution with minimal host switching, while Leptospira in bats lacks evolutionary congruence with its host and has high number of host switches. Reasons underlying these variable coevolutionary patterns in host range are likely due to differences in disease-specific transmission and host ecology. Understanding the coevolutionary patterns and frequency of host-switching events between bacterial pathogens and their hosts will allow better prediction of spillover between mammal reservoirs, and ultimately to humans.
format	article
author	Bonnie R Lei Kevin J Olival
author_facet	Bonnie R Lei Kevin J Olival
author_sort	Bonnie R Lei
title	Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
title_short	Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
title_full	Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
title_fullStr	Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
title_full_unstemmed	Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
title_sort	contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/410da3c0585b433d89b8f92d2a4bc2fa
work_keys_str_mv	AT bonnierlei contrastingpatternsinmammalbacteriacoevolutionbartonellaandleptospirainbatsandrodents AT kevinjolival contrastingpatternsinmammalbacteriacoevolutionbartonellaandleptospirainbatsandrodents
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Contrasting patterns in mammal-bacteria coevolution: bartonella and leptospira in bats and rodents.

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