Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Great strides have been made in understanding the evolutionary history of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the zoonoses that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2. What remains unknown is how long these SIVs had been circulating in non-human primates before the transmissions to humans. Here, we use re...

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Autores principales:	Joel O Wertheim, Michael Worobey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4113642e66794c00b851aebc357048b8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4113642e66794c00b851aebc357048b82021-11-25T05:42:25ZDating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.1553-734X1553-735810.1371/journal.pcbi.1000377https://doaj.org/article/4113642e66794c00b851aebc357048b82009-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19412344/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-734Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7358Great strides have been made in understanding the evolutionary history of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the zoonoses that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2. What remains unknown is how long these SIVs had been circulating in non-human primates before the transmissions to humans. Here, we use relaxed molecular clock dating techniques to estimate the time of most recent common ancestor for the SIVs infecting chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, the reservoirs of HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively. The date of the most recent common ancestor of SIV in chimpanzees is estimated to be 1492 (1266-1685), and the date in sooty mangabeys is estimated to be 1809 (1729-1875). Notably, we demonstrate that SIV sequences sampled from sooty mangabeys possess sufficient clock-like signal to calibrate a molecular clock; despite the differences in host biology and viral dynamics, the rate of evolution of SIV in sooty mangabeys is indistinguishable from that of its human counterpart, HIV-2. We also estimate the ages of the HIV-2 human-to-human transmissible lineages and provide the first age estimate for HIV-1 group N at 1963 (1948-1977). Comparisons between the SIV most recent common ancestor dates and those of the HIV lineages suggest a difference on the order of only hundreds of years. Our results suggest either that SIV is a surprisingly young lentiviral lineage or that SIV and, perhaps, HIV dating estimates are seriously compromised by unaccounted-for biases.Joel O WertheimMichael WorobeyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Computational Biology, Vol 5, Iss 5, p e1000377 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Joel O Wertheim Michael Worobey Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
description	Great strides have been made in understanding the evolutionary history of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the zoonoses that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2. What remains unknown is how long these SIVs had been circulating in non-human primates before the transmissions to humans. Here, we use relaxed molecular clock dating techniques to estimate the time of most recent common ancestor for the SIVs infecting chimpanzees and sooty mangabeys, the reservoirs of HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively. The date of the most recent common ancestor of SIV in chimpanzees is estimated to be 1492 (1266-1685), and the date in sooty mangabeys is estimated to be 1809 (1729-1875). Notably, we demonstrate that SIV sequences sampled from sooty mangabeys possess sufficient clock-like signal to calibrate a molecular clock; despite the differences in host biology and viral dynamics, the rate of evolution of SIV in sooty mangabeys is indistinguishable from that of its human counterpart, HIV-2. We also estimate the ages of the HIV-2 human-to-human transmissible lineages and provide the first age estimate for HIV-1 group N at 1963 (1948-1977). Comparisons between the SIV most recent common ancestor dates and those of the HIV lineages suggest a difference on the order of only hundreds of years. Our results suggest either that SIV is a surprisingly young lentiviral lineage or that SIV and, perhaps, HIV dating estimates are seriously compromised by unaccounted-for biases.
format	article
author	Joel O Wertheim Michael Worobey
author_facet	Joel O Wertheim Michael Worobey
author_sort	Joel O Wertheim
title	Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
title_short	Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
title_full	Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
title_fullStr	Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
title_full_unstemmed	Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.
title_sort	dating the age of the siv lineages that gave rise to hiv-1 and hiv-2.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/4113642e66794c00b851aebc357048b8
work_keys_str_mv	AT joelowertheim datingtheageofthesivlineagesthatgaverisetohiv1andhiv2 AT michaelworobey datingtheageofthesivlineagesthatgaverisetohiv1andhiv2
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Dating the age of the SIV lineages that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2.

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