Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies

Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic deri...

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Autores principales:	Junjie Yan, Weiwei Liu, Jiatong Cai, Yiming Wang, Dahong Li, Huiming Hua, Hao Cao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	phenazine pharmacological activity mechanism of action biosynthetic pathway synthetic strategy Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/411b7c78e5864944ba9bac993b22bbb9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:411b7c78e5864944ba9bac993b22bbb92021-11-25T18:12:48ZAdvances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies10.3390/md191106101660-3397https://doaj.org/article/411b7c78e5864944ba9bac993b22bbb92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/610https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated. Many phenazines show great pharmacological activity in various fields, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers continued to investigate these compounds and hope to develop them as medicines. Cimmino et al. published a significant review about anticancer activity of phenazines, containing articles from 2000 to 2011. Here, we mainly summarize articles from 2012 to 2021. According to sources of compounds, phenazines were categorized into natural phenazines and synthetic phenazine derivatives in this review. Their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies were summarized. These may provide guidance for the investigation on phenazines in the future.Junjie YanWeiwei LiuJiatong CaiYiming WangDahong LiHuiming HuaHao CaoMDPI AGarticlephenazinepharmacological activitymechanism of actionbiosynthetic pathwaysynthetic strategyBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMarine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 610, p 610 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phenazine pharmacological activity mechanism of action biosynthetic pathway synthetic strategy Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	phenazine pharmacological activity mechanism of action biosynthetic pathway synthetic strategy Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Junjie Yan Weiwei Liu Jiatong Cai Yiming Wang Dahong Li Huiming Hua Hao Cao Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
description	Phenazines are a large group of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, providing diverse chemical structures and various biological activities. Natural phenazines are mainly isolated from marine and terrestrial microorganisms. So far, more than 100 different natural compounds and over 6000 synthetic derivatives have been found and investigated. Many phenazines show great pharmacological activity in various fields, such as antimicrobial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Researchers continued to investigate these compounds and hope to develop them as medicines. Cimmino et al. published a significant review about anticancer activity of phenazines, containing articles from 2000 to 2011. Here, we mainly summarize articles from 2012 to 2021. According to sources of compounds, phenazines were categorized into natural phenazines and synthetic phenazine derivatives in this review. Their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies were summarized. These may provide guidance for the investigation on phenazines in the future.
format	article
author	Junjie Yan Weiwei Liu Jiatong Cai Yiming Wang Dahong Li Huiming Hua Hao Cao
author_facet	Junjie Yan Weiwei Liu Jiatong Cai Yiming Wang Dahong Li Huiming Hua Hao Cao
author_sort	Junjie Yan
title	Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
title_short	Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
title_full	Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
title_fullStr	Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies
title_sort	advances in phenazines over the past decade: review of their pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, biosynthetic pathways and synthetic strategies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/411b7c78e5864944ba9bac993b22bbb9
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Advances in Phenazines over the Past Decade: Review of Their Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action, Biosynthetic Pathways and Synthetic Strategies

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