Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels

The application of untreated sewage sludge to cropland in water-deficient areas is common practice. A study was conducted to investigate the transfer of trace elements from sewage sludge to tomato crop and the potential health risk to humans. Two types of sewage sludge, ISS (I-9 Sector wastewater tr...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Ghulam Murtaza, Umair Riaz, Humera Aziz, Nabila Shaheen, Muhammad Irfan Sohail, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muyassar H. Abualreesh, Aishah Alatawi, Shafaqat Ali
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	tomato sewage sludge trace elements dissolved organic carbon health risk assessment Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/411fd613c77a485eb2dc5ac3b8da898d
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:411fd613c77a485eb2dc5ac3b8da898d
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:411fd613c77a485eb2dc5ac3b8da898d2021-11-25T19:00:44ZHealth Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels10.3390/su1322123942071-1050https://doaj.org/article/411fd613c77a485eb2dc5ac3b8da898d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12394https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050The application of untreated sewage sludge to cropland in water-deficient areas is common practice. A study was conducted to investigate the transfer of trace elements from sewage sludge to tomato crop and the potential health risk to humans. Two types of sewage sludge, ISS (I-9 Sector wastewater treatment plant, Islamabad) and WSS (Water and Sanitation Authority wastewater treatment plant, Faisalabad), were applied at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> and compared with control (without any amendment). The test crop was tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>). Results revealed that the EC<sub>e</sub> of soil was increased by these treatments with respect to all application levels. The levels of Pb (lead) and Zn (Zinc) solubility in soil were increased about 46- and 28-fold by the application of ISS at 1.5% and 16- and 22-fold by the application of WSS at 1.5%, respectively. The highest shoot biomass was recorded with 0.5% level of WSS, while higher rates (1.0% and 1.5%) of both ISS and WSS showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) decline in shoot biomass production, and the lowest SFW was recorded with the addition of ISS at 1.5% application rate (a significant reduction of 44%) compared to control. The pore water analysis and correlation depicted that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) controlled the release of Zn and Pb. The PLI (value < 1) indicated that the overall pollution of trace metals in the investigated samples was absent, but the <i>I<sub>geo</sub></i> and <i>CF</i> showed the contamination potential for Cd, Cu, and Ni was moderate to strong. DIM and HRI analysis suggested that the tomato was safe for human consumption. The HRI values for all trace metals were below the permissible limit (HRI = 1) described by USEPA-IRIS. It was concluded that a lower rate of both sewage sludge types produces more biomass and less accumulation of trace metals in the test crop.Ghulam MurtazaUmair RiazHumera AzizNabila ShaheenMuhammad Irfan SohailMuhammad Hamzah SaleemMuyassar H. AbualreeshAishah AlatawiShafaqat AliMDPI AGarticletomatosewage sludgetrace elementsdissolved organic carbonhealth risk assessmentEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 12394, p 12394 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tomato sewage sludge trace elements dissolved organic carbon health risk assessment Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	tomato sewage sludge trace elements dissolved organic carbon health risk assessment Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ghulam Murtaza Umair Riaz Humera Aziz Nabila Shaheen Muhammad Irfan Sohail Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Muyassar H. Abualreesh Aishah Alatawi Shafaqat Ali Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels
description	The application of untreated sewage sludge to cropland in water-deficient areas is common practice. A study was conducted to investigate the transfer of trace elements from sewage sludge to tomato crop and the potential health risk to humans. Two types of sewage sludge, ISS (I-9 Sector wastewater treatment plant, Islamabad) and WSS (Water and Sanitation Authority wastewater treatment plant, Faisalabad), were applied at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> and compared with control (without any amendment). The test crop was tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>). Results revealed that the EC<sub>e</sub> of soil was increased by these treatments with respect to all application levels. The levels of Pb (lead) and Zn (Zinc) solubility in soil were increased about 46- and 28-fold by the application of ISS at 1.5% and 16- and 22-fold by the application of WSS at 1.5%, respectively. The highest shoot biomass was recorded with 0.5% level of WSS, while higher rates (1.0% and 1.5%) of both ISS and WSS showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) decline in shoot biomass production, and the lowest SFW was recorded with the addition of ISS at 1.5% application rate (a significant reduction of 44%) compared to control. The pore water analysis and correlation depicted that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) controlled the release of Zn and Pb. The PLI (value < 1) indicated that the overall pollution of trace metals in the investigated samples was absent, but the <i>I<sub>geo</sub></i> and <i>CF</i> showed the contamination potential for Cd, Cu, and Ni was moderate to strong. DIM and HRI analysis suggested that the tomato was safe for human consumption. The HRI values for all trace metals were below the permissible limit (HRI = 1) described by USEPA-IRIS. It was concluded that a lower rate of both sewage sludge types produces more biomass and less accumulation of trace metals in the test crop.
format	article
author	Ghulam Murtaza Umair Riaz Humera Aziz Nabila Shaheen Muhammad Irfan Sohail Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Muyassar H. Abualreesh Aishah Alatawi Shafaqat Ali
author_facet	Ghulam Murtaza Umair Riaz Humera Aziz Nabila Shaheen Muhammad Irfan Sohail Muhammad Hamzah Saleem Muyassar H. Abualreesh Aishah Alatawi Shafaqat Ali
author_sort	Ghulam Murtaza
title	Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels
title_short	Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels
title_full	Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels
title_fullStr	Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels
title_full_unstemmed	Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels
title_sort	health risk assessment, pore water chemistry, and assessment of trace metals transfer from two untreated sewage sludge types to tomato crop (<i>lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at different application levels
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/411fd613c77a485eb2dc5ac3b8da898d
work_keys_str_mv	AT ghulammurtaza healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT umairriaz healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT humeraaziz healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT nabilashaheen healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT muhammadirfansohail healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT muhammadhamzahsaleem healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT muyassarhabualreesh healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT aishahalatawi healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels AT shafaqatali healthriskassessmentporewaterchemistryandassessmentoftracemetalstransferfromtwountreatedsewagesludgetypestotomatocropilycopersiconesculentumiatdifferentapplicationlevels
_version_	1718410396940894208

Health Risk Assessment, Pore Water Chemistry, and Assessment of Trace Metals Transfer from Two Untreated Sewage Sludge Types to Tomato Crop (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) at Different Application Levels

Ejemplares similares