Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets

Abstract Hydrocarbon chemistry in the C–O–H system at high pressure and high temperature is important for modelling the internal structure and evolution of giant icy planets, such as Uranus and Neptune, as their interiors are thought to be mainly composed of water and methane. In particular, the for...

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Autores principales:	Hirokazu Kadobayashi, Satoka Ohnishi, Hiroaki Ohfuji, Yoshitaka Yamamoto, Michihiro Muraoka, Suguru Yoshida, Naohisa Hirao, Saori Kawaguchi-Imada, Hisako Hirai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41260e6ebfd14b169c2b1402c818ebb5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41260e6ebfd14b169c2b1402c818ebb52021-12-02T14:26:12ZDiamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets10.1038/s41598-021-87638-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/41260e6ebfd14b169c2b1402c818ebb52021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87638-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Hydrocarbon chemistry in the C–O–H system at high pressure and high temperature is important for modelling the internal structure and evolution of giant icy planets, such as Uranus and Neptune, as their interiors are thought to be mainly composed of water and methane. In particular, the formation of diamond from the simplest hydrocarbon, i.e., methane, under the internal conditions of these planets has been discussed for nearly 40 years. Here, we demonstrate the formation of diamond from methane hydrate up to 3800 K and 45 GPa using a CO2 laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The results show that the process of dissociation and polymerisation of methane molecules to produce heavier hydrocarbons while releasing hydrogen to ultimately form diamond proceeds at milder temperatures (~ 1600 K) and pressures (13–45 GPa) in the C–O–H system than in the C–H system due to the influence of water. Our findings suggest that diamond formation can also occur in the upper parts of the icy mantles of giant icy planets.Hirokazu KadobayashiSatoka OhnishiHiroaki OhfujiYoshitaka YamamotoMichihiro MuraokaSuguru YoshidaNaohisa HiraoSaori Kawaguchi-ImadaHisako HiraiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hirokazu Kadobayashi Satoka Ohnishi Hiroaki Ohfuji Yoshitaka Yamamoto Michihiro Muraoka Suguru Yoshida Naohisa Hirao Saori Kawaguchi-Imada Hisako Hirai Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
description	Abstract Hydrocarbon chemistry in the C–O–H system at high pressure and high temperature is important for modelling the internal structure and evolution of giant icy planets, such as Uranus and Neptune, as their interiors are thought to be mainly composed of water and methane. In particular, the formation of diamond from the simplest hydrocarbon, i.e., methane, under the internal conditions of these planets has been discussed for nearly 40 years. Here, we demonstrate the formation of diamond from methane hydrate up to 3800 K and 45 GPa using a CO2 laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The results show that the process of dissociation and polymerisation of methane molecules to produce heavier hydrocarbons while releasing hydrogen to ultimately form diamond proceeds at milder temperatures (~ 1600 K) and pressures (13–45 GPa) in the C–O–H system than in the C–H system due to the influence of water. Our findings suggest that diamond formation can also occur in the upper parts of the icy mantles of giant icy planets.
format	article
author	Hirokazu Kadobayashi Satoka Ohnishi Hiroaki Ohfuji Yoshitaka Yamamoto Michihiro Muraoka Suguru Yoshida Naohisa Hirao Saori Kawaguchi-Imada Hisako Hirai
author_facet	Hirokazu Kadobayashi Satoka Ohnishi Hiroaki Ohfuji Yoshitaka Yamamoto Michihiro Muraoka Suguru Yoshida Naohisa Hirao Saori Kawaguchi-Imada Hisako Hirai
author_sort	Hirokazu Kadobayashi
title	Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
title_short	Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
title_full	Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
title_fullStr	Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
title_full_unstemmed	Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
title_sort	diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41260e6ebfd14b169c2b1402c818ebb5
work_keys_str_mv	AT hirokazukadobayashi diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT satokaohnishi diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT hiroakiohfuji diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT yoshitakayamamoto diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT michihiromuraoka diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT suguruyoshida diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT naohisahirao diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT saorikawaguchiimada diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets AT hisakohirai diamondformationfrommethanehydrateundertheinternalconditionsofgianticyplanets
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Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets

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