Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic altered environmental factors. We studied the impact of these changes on asthma exacerbation (AE) by comparing the AE-related environmental factors between COVID-19 (2020) and pre-COVID-19 (2011–2019) eras. Between 2011 and 2020, 278,465 children (<16 y...
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oai:doaj.org-article:413075f21770458bb32d4e3dce01f8582021-11-11T16:31:11ZImpact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan10.3390/ijerph1821114071660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/413075f21770458bb32d4e3dce01f8582021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11407https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic altered environmental factors. We studied the impact of these changes on asthma exacerbation (AE) by comparing the AE-related environmental factors between COVID-19 (2020) and pre-COVID-19 (2011–2019) eras. Between 2011 and 2020, 278,465 children (<16 years old) visited our emergency department, and 7476 were diagnosed with AE. The number of patients showed spring and fall peaks in 2011–2019. Multivariate analyses showed significant positive relationships of the number of AE patients with the average temperature among all patients and 0–5-year-olds and with sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) levels in 2011–2019 among 0–5-year-olds. Although the spring peak in the number of patients was not observed in 2020 after declaration of a state of emergency, the fall peak was again observed after the state of emergency was lifted. No changes in average temperature were detected, but SO<sub>2</sub> was significantly reduced following declaration of the state of emergency in 2020. Therefore, SO<sub>2</sub> reduction might have contributed to the disappearance of the peak of AE. However, a fall peak was observed again in 2020, although SO<sub>2</sub> levels continued to be low. These data suggest that person to person interaction seems to be associated with AE, presumably due to unknown viral infections.Hiroshi YamaguchiKandai NozuShinya IshikoAtsushi KondoTakeshi NinchojiChina NaganoHiroki TakedaAi UnzakiKazuto IshibashiIchiro MoriokaHiroaki NagaseKazumoto IijimaAkihito IshidaMDPI AGarticleAsian dustair pollutioncoronavirus diseasemeteorologypollenrespiratory infectionMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11407, p 11407 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
| collection |
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| topic |
Asian dust air pollution coronavirus disease meteorology pollen respiratory infection Medicine R |
| spellingShingle |
Asian dust air pollution coronavirus disease meteorology pollen respiratory infection Medicine R Hiroshi Yamaguchi Kandai Nozu Shinya Ishiko Atsushi Kondo Takeshi Ninchoji China Nagano Hiroki Takeda Ai Unzaki Kazuto Ishibashi Ichiro Morioka Hiroaki Nagase Kazumoto Iijima Akihito Ishida Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan |
| description |
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic altered environmental factors. We studied the impact of these changes on asthma exacerbation (AE) by comparing the AE-related environmental factors between COVID-19 (2020) and pre-COVID-19 (2011–2019) eras. Between 2011 and 2020, 278,465 children (<16 years old) visited our emergency department, and 7476 were diagnosed with AE. The number of patients showed spring and fall peaks in 2011–2019. Multivariate analyses showed significant positive relationships of the number of AE patients with the average temperature among all patients and 0–5-year-olds and with sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) levels in 2011–2019 among 0–5-year-olds. Although the spring peak in the number of patients was not observed in 2020 after declaration of a state of emergency, the fall peak was again observed after the state of emergency was lifted. No changes in average temperature were detected, but SO<sub>2</sub> was significantly reduced following declaration of the state of emergency in 2020. Therefore, SO<sub>2</sub> reduction might have contributed to the disappearance of the peak of AE. However, a fall peak was observed again in 2020, although SO<sub>2</sub> levels continued to be low. These data suggest that person to person interaction seems to be associated with AE, presumably due to unknown viral infections. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Hiroshi Yamaguchi Kandai Nozu Shinya Ishiko Atsushi Kondo Takeshi Ninchoji China Nagano Hiroki Takeda Ai Unzaki Kazuto Ishibashi Ichiro Morioka Hiroaki Nagase Kazumoto Iijima Akihito Ishida |
| author_facet |
Hiroshi Yamaguchi Kandai Nozu Shinya Ishiko Atsushi Kondo Takeshi Ninchoji China Nagano Hiroki Takeda Ai Unzaki Kazuto Ishibashi Ichiro Morioka Hiroaki Nagase Kazumoto Iijima Akihito Ishida |
| author_sort |
Hiroshi Yamaguchi |
| title |
Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan |
| title_short |
Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan |
| title_full |
Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan |
| title_fullStr |
Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan |
| title_sort |
impact of the state of emergency during the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 on asthma exacerbations among children in kobe city, japan |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/413075f21770458bb32d4e3dce01f858 |
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