Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency

Abstract In this study, a self-healing hydrogel was prepared that is transparent to visible (Vis) light while absorbing ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and microwave. The optothermal features of the hydrogel were explored by monitoring temperature using an IR thermometer under an IR source. The hyd...

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Autores principales:	Reza Peymanfar, Elnaz Selseleh-Zakerin, Ali Ahmadi, Ardeshir Saeidi, Seyed Hassan Tavassoli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4136dd33a0164b2d823343121a7eeed4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4136dd33a0164b2d823343121a7eeed42021-12-02T16:27:54ZPreparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency10.1038/s41598-021-95683-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/4136dd33a0164b2d823343121a7eeed42021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95683-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In this study, a self-healing hydrogel was prepared that is transparent to visible (Vis) light while absorbing ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and microwave. The optothermal features of the hydrogel were explored by monitoring temperature using an IR thermometer under an IR source. The hydrogel was synthesized using sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials based on a facile thermal route. More significantly, graphene oxide (GO) and graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanostructures as well as carbon microsphere (CMS) were applied as guests to more dissect their influence on the microwave and optical characteristics. The morphology of the fillers was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attested that the chemical functional groups of the hydrogel have been formed and the result of diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) confirmed that the hydrogel absorbs UV while is transparent in Vis light. The achieved result implied that the hydrogel acts as an essential IR absorber due to its functional groups desirable for energy efficiency and harvesting. Interestingly, the achieved results have testified that the self-healing hydrogels had the proper self-healing efficiency and self-healing time. Eventually, microwave absorbing properties and shielding efficiency of the hydrogel, hydrogel/GO, g-C3N4, or CMS were investigated, demonstrating the salient microwave characteristics, originated from the established ionic conductive networks and dipole polarizations. The efficient bandwidth of the hydrogel was as wide as 3.5 GHz with a thickness of 0.65 mm meanwhile its maximum reflection loss was 75.10 dB at 14.50 GHz with 4.55 mm in thickness. Particularly, the hydrogel illustrated total shielding efficiency (SET) > 10 dB from 1.19 to 18 and > 20 dB from 4.37 to 18 GHz with 10.00 mm in thickness. The results open new windows toward improving the shielding and energy efficiency using practical ways.Reza PeymanfarElnaz Selseleh-ZakerinAli AhmadiArdeshir SaeidiSeyed Hassan TavassoliNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Reza Peymanfar Elnaz Selseleh-Zakerin Ali Ahmadi Ardeshir Saeidi Seyed Hassan Tavassoli Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
description	Abstract In this study, a self-healing hydrogel was prepared that is transparent to visible (Vis) light while absorbing ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and microwave. The optothermal features of the hydrogel were explored by monitoring temperature using an IR thermometer under an IR source. The hydrogel was synthesized using sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as raw materials based on a facile thermal route. More significantly, graphene oxide (GO) and graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanostructures as well as carbon microsphere (CMS) were applied as guests to more dissect their influence on the microwave and optical characteristics. The morphology of the fillers was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attested that the chemical functional groups of the hydrogel have been formed and the result of diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) confirmed that the hydrogel absorbs UV while is transparent in Vis light. The achieved result implied that the hydrogel acts as an essential IR absorber due to its functional groups desirable for energy efficiency and harvesting. Interestingly, the achieved results have testified that the self-healing hydrogels had the proper self-healing efficiency and self-healing time. Eventually, microwave absorbing properties and shielding efficiency of the hydrogel, hydrogel/GO, g-C3N4, or CMS were investigated, demonstrating the salient microwave characteristics, originated from the established ionic conductive networks and dipole polarizations. The efficient bandwidth of the hydrogel was as wide as 3.5 GHz with a thickness of 0.65 mm meanwhile its maximum reflection loss was 75.10 dB at 14.50 GHz with 4.55 mm in thickness. Particularly, the hydrogel illustrated total shielding efficiency (SET) > 10 dB from 1.19 to 18 and > 20 dB from 4.37 to 18 GHz with 10.00 mm in thickness. The results open new windows toward improving the shielding and energy efficiency using practical ways.
format	article
author	Reza Peymanfar Elnaz Selseleh-Zakerin Ali Ahmadi Ardeshir Saeidi Seyed Hassan Tavassoli
author_facet	Reza Peymanfar Elnaz Selseleh-Zakerin Ali Ahmadi Ardeshir Saeidi Seyed Hassan Tavassoli
author_sort	Reza Peymanfar
title	Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
title_short	Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
title_full	Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
title_fullStr	Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
title_full_unstemmed	Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
title_sort	preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4136dd33a0164b2d823343121a7eeed4
work_keys_str_mv	AT rezapeymanfar preparationofselfhealinghydrogeltowardimprovingelectromagneticinterferenceshieldingandenergyefficiency AT elnazselselehzakerin preparationofselfhealinghydrogeltowardimprovingelectromagneticinterferenceshieldingandenergyefficiency AT aliahmadi preparationofselfhealinghydrogeltowardimprovingelectromagneticinterferenceshieldingandenergyefficiency AT ardeshirsaeidi preparationofselfhealinghydrogeltowardimprovingelectromagneticinterferenceshieldingandenergyefficiency AT seyedhassantavassoli preparationofselfhealinghydrogeltowardimprovingelectromagneticinterferenceshieldingandenergyefficiency
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Preparation of self-healing hydrogel toward improving electromagnetic interference shielding and energy efficiency

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