The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review

Plastic debris has been accumulating in the marine realm since the start of plastic mass production in the 1950s. Due to the adverse effects on ocean life, the fate of plastics in the marine environment is an increasingly important environmental issue. Microbial degradation, in addition to weatherin...

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Autores principales:	Emna Zeghal, Annika Vaksmaa, Hortense Vielfaure, Teun Boekhout, Helge Niemann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	fungi marine plastic debris marine pollution plastic degradation biodegradation Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4147eaf033264b48b32f677d581b8c25
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4147eaf033264b48b32f677d581b8c252021-12-01T13:58:25ZThe Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.738877https://doaj.org/article/4147eaf033264b48b32f677d581b8c252021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.738877/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Plastic debris has been accumulating in the marine realm since the start of plastic mass production in the 1950s. Due to the adverse effects on ocean life, the fate of plastics in the marine environment is an increasingly important environmental issue. Microbial degradation, in addition to weathering, has been identified as a potentially relevant breakdown route for marine plastic debris. Although many studies have focused on microbial colonization and the potential role of microorganisms in breaking down marine plastic debris, little is known about fungi-plastic interactions. Marine fungi are a generally understudied group of microorganisms but the ability of terrestrial and lacustrine fungal taxa to metabolize recalcitrant compounds, pollutants, and some plastic types (e.g., lignin, solvents, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polyurethane, and polyethylene) indicates that marine fungi could be important degraders of complex organic matter in the marine realm, too. Indeed, recent studies demonstrated that some fungal strains from the ocean, such as Zalerion maritimum have the ability to degrade polyethylene. This mini-review summarizes the available information on plastic-fungi interactions in marine environments. We address (i) the currently known diversity of fungi colonizing marine plastic debris and provide (ii) an overview of methods applied to investigate the role of fungi in plastic degradation, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. We also highlight (iii) the underestimated role of fungi as plastic degraders in marine habitats.Emna ZeghalAnnika VaksmaaHortense VielfaureHortense VielfaureTeun BoekhoutTeun BoekhoutHelge NiemannHelge NiemannHelge NiemannFrontiers Media S.A.articlefungimarine plastic debrismarine pollutionplastic degradationbiodegradationScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fungi marine plastic debris marine pollution plastic degradation biodegradation Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	fungi marine plastic debris marine pollution plastic degradation biodegradation Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Emna Zeghal Annika Vaksmaa Hortense Vielfaure Hortense Vielfaure Teun Boekhout Teun Boekhout Helge Niemann Helge Niemann Helge Niemann The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review
description	Plastic debris has been accumulating in the marine realm since the start of plastic mass production in the 1950s. Due to the adverse effects on ocean life, the fate of plastics in the marine environment is an increasingly important environmental issue. Microbial degradation, in addition to weathering, has been identified as a potentially relevant breakdown route for marine plastic debris. Although many studies have focused on microbial colonization and the potential role of microorganisms in breaking down marine plastic debris, little is known about fungi-plastic interactions. Marine fungi are a generally understudied group of microorganisms but the ability of terrestrial and lacustrine fungal taxa to metabolize recalcitrant compounds, pollutants, and some plastic types (e.g., lignin, solvents, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polyurethane, and polyethylene) indicates that marine fungi could be important degraders of complex organic matter in the marine realm, too. Indeed, recent studies demonstrated that some fungal strains from the ocean, such as Zalerion maritimum have the ability to degrade polyethylene. This mini-review summarizes the available information on plastic-fungi interactions in marine environments. We address (i) the currently known diversity of fungi colonizing marine plastic debris and provide (ii) an overview of methods applied to investigate the role of fungi in plastic degradation, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. We also highlight (iii) the underestimated role of fungi as plastic degraders in marine habitats.
format	article
author	Emna Zeghal Annika Vaksmaa Hortense Vielfaure Hortense Vielfaure Teun Boekhout Teun Boekhout Helge Niemann Helge Niemann Helge Niemann
author_facet	Emna Zeghal Annika Vaksmaa Hortense Vielfaure Hortense Vielfaure Teun Boekhout Teun Boekhout Helge Niemann Helge Niemann Helge Niemann
author_sort	Emna Zeghal
title	The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review
title_short	The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review
title_full	The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review
title_fullStr	The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review
title_full_unstemmed	The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review
title_sort	potential role of marine fungi in plastic degradation – a review
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4147eaf033264b48b32f677d581b8c25
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The Potential Role of Marine Fungi in Plastic Degradation – A Review

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