Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost

Dewatered digested sludge and compost may act as a conduit for microplastics (<5 mm) in terrestrial and subsequently aquatic systems. However, standardized methods for microplastics analyses are lacking. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate the applicability of wet-sieving as a way to quantify large m...

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Autores principales:	Larissa Schwinghammer, Steffen Krause, Christian Schaum
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	atr-ftir compost co-substrates dewatered digested sludge microplastics wet-sieving Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4149fc0993fe482b9a71f224bcfa712c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4149fc0993fe482b9a71f224bcfa712c2021-11-06T11:13:48ZDetermination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2020.582https://doaj.org/article/4149fc0993fe482b9a71f224bcfa712c2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/2/384https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732Dewatered digested sludge and compost may act as a conduit for microplastics (<5 mm) in terrestrial and subsequently aquatic systems. However, standardized methods for microplastics analyses are lacking. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate the applicability of wet-sieving as a way to quantify large microplastic particles (MPP, 1–5 mm) in dewatered digested sludge and compost. Additionally, we investigated the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, expired drinks and slaughterhouse waste used as co-substrate for anaerobic digestion at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Therefore, we collected samples from six WWTP and two biogas plants. These were then wet-sieved and potential MPP analysed via attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In dewatered digested sludge the amount of microplastics ranged from 0 to 326 MPP/kg TS (total solids) while compost contained 39–102 MPP/kg TS. Our results show that with 0–36 MPP/kg TS co-substrates are not necessarily a source of microplastics in WWTP. Furthermore, we found film to be the most abundant shape in the biogas plant samples, whereas, in WWTP samples film, fragments and fibers were detected the most. ATR-FTIR revealed that polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene were the most abundant materials found across all samples. HIGHLIGHTS Standardized methods for MP analysis are still lacking.; Applicability of wet-sieving as method of detection for MP of 1–5 mm is demonstrated.; It is proposed that the number of MPP should always be given in reference to the total solids of the respective sample.; More research is needed to evaluate the effect of co-substrates on the number of MPP in WWTPs.;Larissa SchwinghammerSteffen KrauseChristian SchaumIWA Publishingarticleatr-ftircompostco-substratesdewatered digested sludgemicroplasticswet-sievingEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 2, Pp 384-392 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	atr-ftir compost co-substrates dewatered digested sludge microplastics wet-sieving Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	atr-ftir compost co-substrates dewatered digested sludge microplastics wet-sieving Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Larissa Schwinghammer Steffen Krause Christian Schaum Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
description	Dewatered digested sludge and compost may act as a conduit for microplastics (<5 mm) in terrestrial and subsequently aquatic systems. However, standardized methods for microplastics analyses are lacking. Thus, the aim is to demonstrate the applicability of wet-sieving as a way to quantify large microplastic particles (MPP, 1–5 mm) in dewatered digested sludge and compost. Additionally, we investigated the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, expired drinks and slaughterhouse waste used as co-substrate for anaerobic digestion at wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Therefore, we collected samples from six WWTP and two biogas plants. These were then wet-sieved and potential MPP analysed via attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). In dewatered digested sludge the amount of microplastics ranged from 0 to 326 MPP/kg TS (total solids) while compost contained 39–102 MPP/kg TS. Our results show that with 0–36 MPP/kg TS co-substrates are not necessarily a source of microplastics in WWTP. Furthermore, we found film to be the most abundant shape in the biogas plant samples, whereas, in WWTP samples film, fragments and fibers were detected the most. ATR-FTIR revealed that polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polypropylene, and polyethylene were the most abundant materials found across all samples. HIGHLIGHTS Standardized methods for MP analysis are still lacking.; Applicability of wet-sieving as method of detection for MP of 1–5 mm is demonstrated.; It is proposed that the number of MPP should always be given in reference to the total solids of the respective sample.; More research is needed to evaluate the effect of co-substrates on the number of MPP in WWTPs.;
format	article
author	Larissa Schwinghammer Steffen Krause Christian Schaum
author_facet	Larissa Schwinghammer Steffen Krause Christian Schaum
author_sort	Larissa Schwinghammer
title	Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
title_short	Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
title_full	Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
title_fullStr	Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
title_sort	determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4149fc0993fe482b9a71f224bcfa712c
work_keys_str_mv	AT larissaschwinghammer determinationoflargemicroplasticswetsievingofdewatereddigestedsludgecosubstratesandcompost AT steffenkrause determinationoflargemicroplasticswetsievingofdewatereddigestedsludgecosubstratesandcompost AT christianschaum determinationoflargemicroplasticswetsievingofdewatereddigestedsludgecosubstratesandcompost
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Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost

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