Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering

Gelatin has excellent biological properties, but its poor physical properties are a major obstacle to its use as a biomaterial ink. These disadvantages not only worsen the printability of gelatin biomaterial ink, but also reduce the dimensional stability of its 3D scaffolds and limit its application...

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Autores principales:	Dong Jin Choi, Kyoung Choi, Sang Jun Park, Young-Jin Kim, Seok Chung, Chun-Ho Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	3D printing gelatin biomaterial ink suture fiber 3D scaffold tissue engineering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/4166fa5686ca4cb5be23a06ee9e09834
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:4166fa5686ca4cb5be23a06ee9e098342021-11-11T17:04:57ZSuture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering10.3390/ijms2221116001422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/4166fa5686ca4cb5be23a06ee9e098342021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11600https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Gelatin has excellent biological properties, but its poor physical properties are a major obstacle to its use as a biomaterial ink. These disadvantages not only worsen the printability of gelatin biomaterial ink, but also reduce the dimensional stability of its 3D scaffolds and limit its application in the tissue engineering field. Herein, biodegradable suture fibers were added into a gelatin biomaterial ink to improve the printability, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability of the 3D printed scaffolds. The suture fiber reinforced gelatin 3D scaffolds were fabricated using the thermo-responsive properties of gelatin under optimized 3D printing conditions (−10 °C cryogenic plate, 40–80 kPa pneumatic pressure, and 9 mm/s printing speed), and were crosslinked using EDC/NHS to maintain their 3D structures. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the morphologies of the 3D printed scaffolds maintained their 3D structure after crosslinking. The addition of 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) of suture fibers increased the printing accuracy of the 3D printed scaffolds to 97%. The suture fibers also increased the mechanical strength of the 3D printed scaffolds by up to 6-fold, and the degradation rate could be controlled by the suture fiber content. In in vitro cell studies, DNA assay results showed that human dermal fibroblasts’ proliferation rate of a 3D printed scaffold containing 0.5% suture fiber was 10% higher than that of a 3D printed scaffold without suture fibers after 14 days of culture. Interestingly, the supplement of suture fibers into gelatin biomaterial ink was able to minimize the cell-mediated contraction of the cell cultured 3D scaffolds over the cell culture period. These results show that advanced biomaterial inks can be developed by supplementing biodegradable fibers to improve the poor physical properties of natural polymer-based biomaterial inks.Dong Jin ChoiKyoung ChoiSang Jun ParkYoung-Jin KimSeok ChungChun-Ho KimMDPI AGarticle3D printinggelatin biomaterial inksuture fiber3D scaffoldtissue engineeringBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11600, p 11600 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	3D printing gelatin biomaterial ink suture fiber 3D scaffold tissue engineering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	3D printing gelatin biomaterial ink suture fiber 3D scaffold tissue engineering Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Dong Jin Choi Kyoung Choi Sang Jun Park Young-Jin Kim Seok Chung Chun-Ho Kim Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering
description	Gelatin has excellent biological properties, but its poor physical properties are a major obstacle to its use as a biomaterial ink. These disadvantages not only worsen the printability of gelatin biomaterial ink, but also reduce the dimensional stability of its 3D scaffolds and limit its application in the tissue engineering field. Herein, biodegradable suture fibers were added into a gelatin biomaterial ink to improve the printability, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability of the 3D printed scaffolds. The suture fiber reinforced gelatin 3D scaffolds were fabricated using the thermo-responsive properties of gelatin under optimized 3D printing conditions (−10 °C cryogenic plate, 40–80 kPa pneumatic pressure, and 9 mm/s printing speed), and were crosslinked using EDC/NHS to maintain their 3D structures. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the morphologies of the 3D printed scaffolds maintained their 3D structure after crosslinking. The addition of 0.5% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) of suture fibers increased the printing accuracy of the 3D printed scaffolds to 97%. The suture fibers also increased the mechanical strength of the 3D printed scaffolds by up to 6-fold, and the degradation rate could be controlled by the suture fiber content. In in vitro cell studies, DNA assay results showed that human dermal fibroblasts’ proliferation rate of a 3D printed scaffold containing 0.5% suture fiber was 10% higher than that of a 3D printed scaffold without suture fibers after 14 days of culture. Interestingly, the supplement of suture fibers into gelatin biomaterial ink was able to minimize the cell-mediated contraction of the cell cultured 3D scaffolds over the cell culture period. These results show that advanced biomaterial inks can be developed by supplementing biodegradable fibers to improve the poor physical properties of natural polymer-based biomaterial inks.
format	article
author	Dong Jin Choi Kyoung Choi Sang Jun Park Young-Jin Kim Seok Chung Chun-Ho Kim
author_facet	Dong Jin Choi Kyoung Choi Sang Jun Park Young-Jin Kim Seok Chung Chun-Ho Kim
author_sort	Dong Jin Choi
title	Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering
title_short	Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering
title_full	Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering
title_fullStr	Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering
title_full_unstemmed	Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering
title_sort	suture fiber reinforcement of a 3d printed gelatin scaffold for its potential application in soft tissue engineering
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/4166fa5686ca4cb5be23a06ee9e09834
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Suture Fiber Reinforcement of a 3D Printed Gelatin Scaffold for Its Potential Application in Soft Tissue Engineering

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