Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is likely neuroinflammatory in origin, believed to be triggered by inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to cytokines and HIV protein gene products such as the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat). Here we de...

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Autores principales:	Michelle Kiebala, Oksana Polesskaya, Zhenqiang Yao, Seth W Perry, Sanjay B Maggirwar
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Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41672090a15241d584e2e11d09181ad3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41672090a15241d584e2e11d09181ad32021-11-18T06:36:33ZNuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0011875https://doaj.org/article/41672090a15241d584e2e11d09181ad32010-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20686703/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is likely neuroinflammatory in origin, believed to be triggered by inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to cytokines and HIV protein gene products such as the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat). Here we demonstrate increased messenger RNA for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) family member, transcription factor RelB, in the brain of doxycycline-induced Tat transgenic mice, and increased RelB synthesis in Tat-exposed microglial cells. Since genetic ablation of RelB in mice leads to multi-organ inflammation, we hypothesized that Tat-induced, newly synthesized RelB inhibits cytokine production by microglial cells, possibly through the formation of transcriptionally inactive RelB/RelA complexes. Indeed, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) production in monocytes isolated from RelB deficient mice was significantly higher than in monocytes isolated from RelB expressing controls. Moreover, RelB overexpression in microglial cells inhibited Tat-induced TNFalpha synthesis in a manner that involved transcriptional repression of the TNFalpha promoter, and increased phosphorylation of RelA at serine 276, a prerequisite for increased RelB/RelA protein interactions. The Rel-homology-domain within RelB was necessary for this interaction. Overexpression of RelA itself, in turn, significantly increased TNFalpha promoter activity, an effect that was completely blocked by RelB overexpression. We conclude that RelB regulates TNFalpha cytokine synthesis by competitive interference binding with RelA, which leads to downregulation of TNFalpha production. Moreover, because Tat activates both RelB and TNFalpha in microglia, and because Tat induces inflammatory TNFalpha synthesis via NF-kappaB, we posit that RelB serves as a cryoprotective, anti-inflammatory, counter-regulatory mechanism for pathogenic NF-kappaB activation. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway for controlling HIV-induced microglial activation and cytokine production that may have important therapeutic implications for the management of HAND.Michelle KiebalaOksana PolesskayaZhenqiang YaoSeth W PerrySanjay B MaggirwarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 7, p e11875 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michelle Kiebala Oksana Polesskaya Zhenqiang Yao Seth W Perry Sanjay B Maggirwar Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
description	Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is likely neuroinflammatory in origin, believed to be triggered by inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to cytokines and HIV protein gene products such as the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat). Here we demonstrate increased messenger RNA for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) family member, transcription factor RelB, in the brain of doxycycline-induced Tat transgenic mice, and increased RelB synthesis in Tat-exposed microglial cells. Since genetic ablation of RelB in mice leads to multi-organ inflammation, we hypothesized that Tat-induced, newly synthesized RelB inhibits cytokine production by microglial cells, possibly through the formation of transcriptionally inactive RelB/RelA complexes. Indeed, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) production in monocytes isolated from RelB deficient mice was significantly higher than in monocytes isolated from RelB expressing controls. Moreover, RelB overexpression in microglial cells inhibited Tat-induced TNFalpha synthesis in a manner that involved transcriptional repression of the TNFalpha promoter, and increased phosphorylation of RelA at serine 276, a prerequisite for increased RelB/RelA protein interactions. The Rel-homology-domain within RelB was necessary for this interaction. Overexpression of RelA itself, in turn, significantly increased TNFalpha promoter activity, an effect that was completely blocked by RelB overexpression. We conclude that RelB regulates TNFalpha cytokine synthesis by competitive interference binding with RelA, which leads to downregulation of TNFalpha production. Moreover, because Tat activates both RelB and TNFalpha in microglia, and because Tat induces inflammatory TNFalpha synthesis via NF-kappaB, we posit that RelB serves as a cryoprotective, anti-inflammatory, counter-regulatory mechanism for pathogenic NF-kappaB activation. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway for controlling HIV-induced microglial activation and cytokine production that may have important therapeutic implications for the management of HAND.
format	article
author	Michelle Kiebala Oksana Polesskaya Zhenqiang Yao Seth W Perry Sanjay B Maggirwar
author_facet	Michelle Kiebala Oksana Polesskaya Zhenqiang Yao Seth W Perry Sanjay B Maggirwar
author_sort	Michelle Kiebala
title	Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
title_short	Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
title_full	Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
title_fullStr	Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
title_full_unstemmed	Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
title_sort	nuclear factor-kappa b family member relb inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/41672090a15241d584e2e11d09181ad3
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Nuclear factor-kappa B family member RelB inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.

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