Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?

Biphalin, one of the opioid agonists, is a dimeric analog of enkephalin with a high affinity for opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Hence, these receptors and their agonists, which play an important rol...

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Autores principales:	Patrycja Redkiewicz, Jolanta Dyniewicz, Aleksandra Misicka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	biphalin opioid system opioid receptors agonist multidirectional opioid peptides analgesic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41740137bacd43639e4b74778aaf135b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41740137bacd43639e4b74778aaf135b2021-11-11T16:49:33ZBiphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases? 10.3390/ijms2221113471422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/41740137bacd43639e4b74778aaf135b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11347https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Biphalin, one of the opioid agonists, is a dimeric analog of enkephalin with a high affinity for opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Hence, these receptors and their agonists, which play an important role in pain blocking, may also be involved in the regulation of other physiological functions. Biphalin was designed and synthesized in 1982 by Lipkowski as an analgesic peptide. Extensive further research in various laboratories on the antinociceptive effects of biphalin has shown its excellent properties. It has been demonstrated that biphalin exhibits an analgesic effect in acute, neuropathic, and chronic animal pain models, and is 1000 times more potent than morphine when administered intrathecally. In the course of the broad conducted research devoted primarily to the antinociceptive effect of this compound, it has been found that biphalin may also potentially participate in the regulation of other opioid system-dependent functions. Nearly 40 years of research on the properties of biphalin have shown that it may play a beneficial role as an antiviral, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agent, and may also affect many physiological functions. This integral review analyzes the literature on the multidirectional biological effects of biphalin and its potential in the treatment of many opioid system-dependent pathophysiological diseases.Patrycja RedkiewiczJolanta DyniewiczAleksandra MisickaMDPI AGarticlebiphalinopioid systemopioid receptors agonistmultidirectionalopioid peptidesanalgesicBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11347, p 11347 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biphalin opioid system opioid receptors agonist multidirectional opioid peptides analgesic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	biphalin opioid system opioid receptors agonist multidirectional opioid peptides analgesic Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Patrycja Redkiewicz Jolanta Dyniewicz Aleksandra Misicka Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
description	Biphalin, one of the opioid agonists, is a dimeric analog of enkephalin with a high affinity for opioid receptors. Opioid receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Hence, these receptors and their agonists, which play an important role in pain blocking, may also be involved in the regulation of other physiological functions. Biphalin was designed and synthesized in 1982 by Lipkowski as an analgesic peptide. Extensive further research in various laboratories on the antinociceptive effects of biphalin has shown its excellent properties. It has been demonstrated that biphalin exhibits an analgesic effect in acute, neuropathic, and chronic animal pain models, and is 1000 times more potent than morphine when administered intrathecally. In the course of the broad conducted research devoted primarily to the antinociceptive effect of this compound, it has been found that biphalin may also potentially participate in the regulation of other opioid system-dependent functions. Nearly 40 years of research on the properties of biphalin have shown that it may play a beneficial role as an antiviral, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agent, and may also affect many physiological functions. This integral review analyzes the literature on the multidirectional biological effects of biphalin and its potential in the treatment of many opioid system-dependent pathophysiological diseases.
format	article
author	Patrycja Redkiewicz Jolanta Dyniewicz Aleksandra Misicka
author_facet	Patrycja Redkiewicz Jolanta Dyniewicz Aleksandra Misicka
author_sort	Patrycja Redkiewicz
title	Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
title_short	Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
title_full	Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
title_fullStr	Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
title_full_unstemmed	Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?
title_sort	biphalin—a potent opioid agonist—as a panacea for opioid system-dependent pathophysiological diseases?
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41740137bacd43639e4b74778aaf135b
work_keys_str_mv	AT patrycjaredkiewicz biphalinapotentopioidagonistasapanaceaforopioidsystemdependentpathophysiologicaldiseases AT jolantadyniewicz biphalinapotentopioidagonistasapanaceaforopioidsystemdependentpathophysiologicaldiseases AT aleksandramisicka biphalinapotentopioidagonistasapanaceaforopioidsystemdependentpathophysiologicaldiseases
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Biphalin—A Potent Opioid Agonist—As a Panacea for Opioid System-Dependent Pathophysiological Diseases?

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