The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aim:Due to restrictions during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, smartphone, tablet and computer (STC) overuse might occur. There were some concerns that light sources which emit blue light might affect anterior and posterior segment structures. We investigated the effects of STC ove...

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Autores principales:	Hakan Öztürk, Bediz Özen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN TR
Publicado:	Galenos Yayinevi 2021
Materias:	smartphone tablet computer children eye covid-19 pandemic Medicine R Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/417d4e5fe39a4664b06d95c6ac75517d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:417d4e5fe39a4664b06d95c6ac75517d2021-11-11T11:27:23ZThe Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic2147-94452587-247810.4274/jpr.galenos.2021.72623https://doaj.org/article/417d4e5fe39a4664b06d95c6ac75517d2021-12-01T00:00:00Z http://jpedres.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/the-effects-of-smartphone-tablet-and-computer-over/49633 https://doaj.org/toc/2147-9445https://doaj.org/toc/2587-2478Aim:Due to restrictions during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, smartphone, tablet and computer (STC) overuse might occur. There were some concerns that light sources which emit blue light might affect anterior and posterior segment structures. We investigated the effects of STC overuse on children’s eyes during the pandemic.Materials and Methods:Sixty-four children’s findings at baseline (the early period of the pandemic) (group 1) were compared with those after 1 year (group 2). Correlations between daily STC use time (DSTCUT) and the ocular parameters in group 2 were evaluated.Results:Compared to group 1, group 2 had longer DSTCUT (1.49±0.33 vs 5.62±0.57 hours, p<0.001), lower tear break-up time (TBUT) (12.70±1.45 vs 9.50±2.10 seconds, p=0.015), higher ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score (14.52±4.19 vs 25.22±5.75, p=0.007), more myopic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (-1.00±0.30 vs -1.80±0.40 dioptres, p=0.031), and greater axial length (22.69±0.43 vs 23.42±0.37 millimetres, p=0.038). Schirmer tests, central corneal thicknesses (CCT), keratometries, anterior chamber depths (ACD), lens thicknesses (LT), retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses, choroidal thicknesses and macular thicknesses of groups were similar (p>0.05). In group 2 as DSTCUT increased, TBUT (r=-0.368, p=0.034) decreased, OSDI score (r=0.384, p=0.028) increased and more myopic SER (r=0.340, p=0.045) occurred.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first study in children to comprehensively investigate the effects of STC overuse during a pandemic on ocular surface, anterior and posterior segment structures together. We found that STC overuse during the pandemic might increase the tendency to dry-eye and myopia, and might cause axial elongation. We also determined that at 1-year follow-up, STC overuse had no effect on CCT, keratometry, ACD, LT, and posterior segment parameters.Hakan ÖztürkBediz ÖzenGalenos Yayineviarticlesmartphonetabletcomputerchildreneyecovid-19 pandemicMedicineRPediatricsRJ1-570ENTRJournal of Pediatric Research, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 491-497 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN TR
topic	smartphone tablet computer children eye covid-19 pandemic Medicine R Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	smartphone tablet computer children eye covid-19 pandemic Medicine R Pediatrics RJ1-570 Hakan Öztürk Bediz Özen The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
description	Aim:Due to restrictions during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, smartphone, tablet and computer (STC) overuse might occur. There were some concerns that light sources which emit blue light might affect anterior and posterior segment structures. We investigated the effects of STC overuse on children’s eyes during the pandemic.Materials and Methods:Sixty-four children’s findings at baseline (the early period of the pandemic) (group 1) were compared with those after 1 year (group 2). Correlations between daily STC use time (DSTCUT) and the ocular parameters in group 2 were evaluated.Results:Compared to group 1, group 2 had longer DSTCUT (1.49±0.33 vs 5.62±0.57 hours, p<0.001), lower tear break-up time (TBUT) (12.70±1.45 vs 9.50±2.10 seconds, p=0.015), higher ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score (14.52±4.19 vs 25.22±5.75, p=0.007), more myopic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (-1.00±0.30 vs -1.80±0.40 dioptres, p=0.031), and greater axial length (22.69±0.43 vs 23.42±0.37 millimetres, p=0.038). Schirmer tests, central corneal thicknesses (CCT), keratometries, anterior chamber depths (ACD), lens thicknesses (LT), retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses, choroidal thicknesses and macular thicknesses of groups were similar (p>0.05). In group 2 as DSTCUT increased, TBUT (r=-0.368, p=0.034) decreased, OSDI score (r=0.384, p=0.028) increased and more myopic SER (r=0.340, p=0.045) occurred.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first study in children to comprehensively investigate the effects of STC overuse during a pandemic on ocular surface, anterior and posterior segment structures together. We found that STC overuse during the pandemic might increase the tendency to dry-eye and myopia, and might cause axial elongation. We also determined that at 1-year follow-up, STC overuse had no effect on CCT, keratometry, ACD, LT, and posterior segment parameters.
format	article
author	Hakan Öztürk Bediz Özen
author_facet	Hakan Öztürk Bediz Özen
author_sort	Hakan Öztürk
title	The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short	The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full	The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr	The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed	The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort	effects of smartphone, tablet and computer overuse on children’s eyes during the covid-19 pandemic
publisher	Galenos Yayinevi
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/417d4e5fe39a4664b06d95c6ac75517d
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The Effects of Smartphone, Tablet and Computer Overuse on Children’s Eyes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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