T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes
Reham Hammad,1 Asmaa A Elmadbouly,1 Inass Hassan Ahmad,2 Shaymaa A Mohammed,1 Nehal Farouk,3 Zahraa Futooh,4 Mohamed Omar Alfy,5 Sarah Abozaid,1 Eman F Mohamed,6 Fatma M Kotb,6 Alzahra Abdelbadea,7 Nora Seliem,7 Ahmed Elshafei,8 Alya Mashaal9 1Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for G...
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Dove Medical Press
2021
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diabetic foot ulcer diabetic foot infection natural killer cell interferon gamma interleukin 4. Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 |
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diabetic foot ulcer diabetic foot infection natural killer cell interferon gamma interleukin 4. Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Hammad R Elmadbouly AA Ahmad IH Mohammed SA Farouk N Futooh Z Alfy MO Abozaid S Mohamed EF Kotb FM Abdelbadea A Seliem N Elshafei A Mashaal A T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes |
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Reham Hammad,1 Asmaa A Elmadbouly,1 Inass Hassan Ahmad,2 Shaymaa A Mohammed,1 Nehal Farouk,3 Zahraa Futooh,4 Mohamed Omar Alfy,5 Sarah Abozaid,1 Eman F Mohamed,6 Fatma M Kotb,6 Alzahra Abdelbadea,7 Nora Seliem,7 Ahmed Elshafei,8 Alya Mashaal9 1Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 4General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 5General Surgery Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 6Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 7Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 8Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 9Immunology, Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Asmaa A Elmadbouly Tel +20 1011504476Email asmaaelmadbouly@azhar.edu.egBackground: The link between immune system and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis attracted attention to demonstrate the role of immune cells and their secreted cytokines in T2DM development and its subsequent foot complications.Objective: To investigate the relation between T Natural killer cell (TNK) %, Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and diabetic foot infection (DFI) development in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).Patients and Methods: Ninety patients with diabetes were included in this work, divided as T2DM group (n=30), DFU group (n=30), and DFI group (n=30). TNK% was detected using flow cytometry. Serum IL4 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Diabetes biochemical parameters were also analyzed.Results: Significant decrease was detected in TNK% and IFN-γ in DFI group compared to other 2 groups (P< 0.001). Significant decrease was detected in serum levels of IL4 in DFI group compared to T2DM group (P=0.006). IFN-γ/IL4 was significantly decreased in DFI compared to DFU group (P=0.020). There was a significant correlation of TNK% with both IL4 and IFN-γ (r=0.385, P< 0.001; r=0.534, P< 0.001, respectively). Significant negative correlation of TNK% with HbA1c and LDL was revealed (r=− 0.631, P< 0.001; and r=− 0.261, P=0.013, respectively), while a positive correlation was seen with HDL (r=0.287, P=0.006). A significant negative correlation of IL4 with HbA1c was found (r=− 0.514, P< 0.001;. As for IFN-γ, a significant negative correlation with HbA1c and LDL was detected (r=− 0.369, P< 0.001; r=− 0.229, P=0.030). TNK % and IFN-γ level showed negative correlations with disease duration/year (r=− 0.546, P< 0.001; r=− 0.338, P=0.001,respectively).Conclusion: Decline in TNK frequency has essential role in T2DM pathogenesis and subsequent foot complications. Downregulation of TNK% and IFN-γ level have potential roles in predicting infection of diabetic ulcer and are correlated with disease duration.Keywords: diabetic foot ulcer, diabetic foot infection, natural killer cell, interferon gamma, interleukin 4 |
| format |
article |
| author |
Hammad R Elmadbouly AA Ahmad IH Mohammed SA Farouk N Futooh Z Alfy MO Abozaid S Mohamed EF Kotb FM Abdelbadea A Seliem N Elshafei A Mashaal A |
| author_facet |
Hammad R Elmadbouly AA Ahmad IH Mohammed SA Farouk N Futooh Z Alfy MO Abozaid S Mohamed EF Kotb FM Abdelbadea A Seliem N Elshafei A Mashaal A |
| author_sort |
Hammad R |
| title |
T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short |
T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full |
T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr |
T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
T-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort |
t-natural killers and interferon gamma/interleukin 4 in augmentation of infection in foot ulcer in type 2 diabetes |
| publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/419b5b2a4db2450084fe0b77161ce613 |
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oai:doaj.org-article:419b5b2a4db2450084fe0b77161ce6132021-12-02T16:47:08ZT-Natural Killers and Interferon Gamma/Interleukin 4 in Augmentation of Infection in Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/419b5b2a4db2450084fe0b77161ce6132021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/t-natural-killers-and-interferon-gammainterleukin-4-in-augmentation-of-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Reham Hammad,1 Asmaa A Elmadbouly,1 Inass Hassan Ahmad,2 Shaymaa A Mohammed,1 Nehal Farouk,3 Zahraa Futooh,4 Mohamed Omar Alfy,5 Sarah Abozaid,1 Eman F Mohamed,6 Fatma M Kotb,6 Alzahra Abdelbadea,7 Nora Seliem,7 Ahmed Elshafei,8 Alya Mashaal9 1Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 3Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 4General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 5General Surgery Department, Al Zahraa University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 6Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 7Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 8Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; 9Immunology, Zoology & Entomology Department, Faculty of Science for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Asmaa A Elmadbouly Tel +20 1011504476Email asmaaelmadbouly@azhar.edu.egBackground: The link between immune system and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis attracted attention to demonstrate the role of immune cells and their secreted cytokines in T2DM development and its subsequent foot complications.Objective: To investigate the relation between T Natural killer cell (TNK) %, Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and diabetic foot infection (DFI) development in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).Patients and Methods: Ninety patients with diabetes were included in this work, divided as T2DM group (n=30), DFU group (n=30), and DFI group (n=30). TNK% was detected using flow cytometry. Serum IL4 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Diabetes biochemical parameters were also analyzed.Results: Significant decrease was detected in TNK% and IFN-γ in DFI group compared to other 2 groups (P< 0.001). Significant decrease was detected in serum levels of IL4 in DFI group compared to T2DM group (P=0.006). IFN-γ/IL4 was significantly decreased in DFI compared to DFU group (P=0.020). There was a significant correlation of TNK% with both IL4 and IFN-γ (r=0.385, P< 0.001; r=0.534, P< 0.001, respectively). Significant negative correlation of TNK% with HbA1c and LDL was revealed (r=− 0.631, P< 0.001; and r=− 0.261, P=0.013, respectively), while a positive correlation was seen with HDL (r=0.287, P=0.006). A significant negative correlation of IL4 with HbA1c was found (r=− 0.514, P< 0.001;. As for IFN-γ, a significant negative correlation with HbA1c and LDL was detected (r=− 0.369, P< 0.001; r=− 0.229, P=0.030). TNK % and IFN-γ level showed negative correlations with disease duration/year (r=− 0.546, P< 0.001; r=− 0.338, P=0.001,respectively).Conclusion: Decline in TNK frequency has essential role in T2DM pathogenesis and subsequent foot complications. Downregulation of TNK% and IFN-γ level have potential roles in predicting infection of diabetic ulcer and are correlated with disease duration.Keywords: diabetic foot ulcer, diabetic foot infection, natural killer cell, interferon gamma, interleukin 4Hammad RElmadbouly AAAhmad IHMohammed SAFarouk NFutooh ZAlfy MOAbozaid SMohamed EFKotb FMAbdelbadea ASeliem NElshafei AMashaal ADove Medical Pressarticlediabetic foot ulcerdiabetic foot infectionnatural killer cellinterferon gammainterleukin 4.Specialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 14, Pp 1897-1908 (2021) |