Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.

Urodynamic studies in rats and mice are broadly used to examine pathomechnisms of disease and identify and test therapeutic targets. This review aims to highlight the effects of the anesthetics on the lower urinary tract function and seeks to identify protocols that allow recovery from anesthesia an...

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Autores principales:	Abdelkhalek Samy Abdelkhalek, Haroun Ali Youssef, Ahmed Sayed Saleh, Peter Bollen, Peter Zvara
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41a1ff2080aa40fd91e424635c2bd715
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41a1ff2080aa40fd91e424635c2bd7152021-12-02T20:10:10ZAnesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253192https://doaj.org/article/41a1ff2080aa40fd91e424635c2bd7152021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253192https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Urodynamic studies in rats and mice are broadly used to examine pathomechnisms of disease and identify and test therapeutic targets. This review aims to highlight the effects of the anesthetics on the lower urinary tract function and seeks to identify protocols that allow recovery from anesthesia and repeated measurements while preserving the function which is being studied. All studies published in English language, which compared the data obtained under various types of anesthesia and the urodynamics performed in awake animals were included. It appears that urethane, an anesthetic recommended extensively for the investigation of lower urinary tract function, is appropriate for acute urodynamic studies only. Major advantages of urethane are its stability and ability to preserve the micturition reflex. Due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity, urethane anesthesia should not be used for recovery procedures. This review evaluated available alternatives including propofol, isoflurane and combinations of urethane, ketamine/xylazine, ketamine/medetomidine, and/or fentanyl/fluanisone/midazolam. Different effects have been demonstrated among these drugs on the urinary bladder, the urethral sphincter, as well as on their neuroregulation. The lowest incidence of adverse effects was observed with the use of a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Although the variations in the reviewed study protocols represent a limitation, we believe that this summary will help in standardizing and optimizing future experiments.Abdelkhalek Samy AbdelkhalekHaroun Ali YoussefAhmed Sayed SalehPeter BollenPeter ZvaraPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0253192 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Abdelkhalek Samy Abdelkhalek Haroun Ali Youssef Ahmed Sayed Saleh Peter Bollen Peter Zvara Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
description	Urodynamic studies in rats and mice are broadly used to examine pathomechnisms of disease and identify and test therapeutic targets. This review aims to highlight the effects of the anesthetics on the lower urinary tract function and seeks to identify protocols that allow recovery from anesthesia and repeated measurements while preserving the function which is being studied. All studies published in English language, which compared the data obtained under various types of anesthesia and the urodynamics performed in awake animals were included. It appears that urethane, an anesthetic recommended extensively for the investigation of lower urinary tract function, is appropriate for acute urodynamic studies only. Major advantages of urethane are its stability and ability to preserve the micturition reflex. Due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity, urethane anesthesia should not be used for recovery procedures. This review evaluated available alternatives including propofol, isoflurane and combinations of urethane, ketamine/xylazine, ketamine/medetomidine, and/or fentanyl/fluanisone/midazolam. Different effects have been demonstrated among these drugs on the urinary bladder, the urethral sphincter, as well as on their neuroregulation. The lowest incidence of adverse effects was observed with the use of a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Although the variations in the reviewed study protocols represent a limitation, we believe that this summary will help in standardizing and optimizing future experiments.
format	article
author	Abdelkhalek Samy Abdelkhalek Haroun Ali Youssef Ahmed Sayed Saleh Peter Bollen Peter Zvara
author_facet	Abdelkhalek Samy Abdelkhalek Haroun Ali Youssef Ahmed Sayed Saleh Peter Bollen Peter Zvara
author_sort	Abdelkhalek Samy Abdelkhalek
title	Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
title_short	Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
title_full	Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
title_fullStr	Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed	Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.
title_sort	anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-a systematic review.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41a1ff2080aa40fd91e424635c2bd715
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdelkhaleksamyabdelkhalek anestheticprotocolsforurodynamicstudiesofthelowerurinarytractinsmallrodentsasystematicreview AT harounaliyoussef anestheticprotocolsforurodynamicstudiesofthelowerurinarytractinsmallrodentsasystematicreview AT ahmedsayedsaleh anestheticprotocolsforurodynamicstudiesofthelowerurinarytractinsmallrodentsasystematicreview AT peterbollen anestheticprotocolsforurodynamicstudiesofthelowerurinarytractinsmallrodentsasystematicreview AT peterzvara anestheticprotocolsforurodynamicstudiesofthelowerurinarytractinsmallrodentsasystematicreview
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Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review.

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