Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.

<h4>Background</h4>This paper examines if, when controlling for biophysical and geographical variables (including rainfall, productivity of agricultural lands, topography/temperature, and market access through road networks), socioeconomic and health care indicators help to explain varia...

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Autores principales:	Chandan Kumar, Prashant Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar Rai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41a697d077214ec988d00f956c5778fe
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41a697d077214ec988d00f956c5778fe2021-11-18T07:18:00ZUnder-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037515https://doaj.org/article/41a697d077214ec988d00f956c5778fe2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22629412/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>This paper examines if, when controlling for biophysical and geographical variables (including rainfall, productivity of agricultural lands, topography/temperature, and market access through road networks), socioeconomic and health care indicators help to explain variations in the under-five mortality rate across districts from nine high focus states in India. The literature on this subject is inconclusive because the survey data, upon which most studies of child mortality rely, rarely include variables that measure these factors. This paper introduces these variables into an analysis of 284 districts from nine high focus states in India.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Information on the mortality indicator was accessed from the recently conducted Annual Health Survey of 2011 and other socioeconomic and geographic variables from Census 2011, District Level Household and Facility Survey (2007-08), Department of Economics and Statistics Divisions of the concerned states. Displaying high spatial dependence (spatial autocorrelation) in the mortality indicator (outcome variable) and its possible predictors used in the analysis, the paper uses the Spatial-Error Model in an effort to negate or reduce the spatial dependence in model parameters. The results evince that the coverage gap index (a mixed indicator of district wise coverage of reproductive and child health services), female literacy, urbanization, economic status, the number of newborn care provided in Primary Health Centers in the district transpired as significant correlates of under-five mortality in the nine high focus states in India. The study identifies three clusters with high under-five mortality rate including 30 districts, and advocates urgent attention.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Even after controlling the possible biophysical and geographical variables, the study reveals that the health program initiatives have a major role to play in reducing under-five mortality rate in the high focus states in India.Chandan KumarPrashant Kumar SinghRajesh Kumar RaiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e37515 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Chandan Kumar Prashant Kumar Singh Rajesh Kumar Rai Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.
description	<h4>Background</h4>This paper examines if, when controlling for biophysical and geographical variables (including rainfall, productivity of agricultural lands, topography/temperature, and market access through road networks), socioeconomic and health care indicators help to explain variations in the under-five mortality rate across districts from nine high focus states in India. The literature on this subject is inconclusive because the survey data, upon which most studies of child mortality rely, rarely include variables that measure these factors. This paper introduces these variables into an analysis of 284 districts from nine high focus states in India.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Information on the mortality indicator was accessed from the recently conducted Annual Health Survey of 2011 and other socioeconomic and geographic variables from Census 2011, District Level Household and Facility Survey (2007-08), Department of Economics and Statistics Divisions of the concerned states. Displaying high spatial dependence (spatial autocorrelation) in the mortality indicator (outcome variable) and its possible predictors used in the analysis, the paper uses the Spatial-Error Model in an effort to negate or reduce the spatial dependence in model parameters. The results evince that the coverage gap index (a mixed indicator of district wise coverage of reproductive and child health services), female literacy, urbanization, economic status, the number of newborn care provided in Primary Health Centers in the district transpired as significant correlates of under-five mortality in the nine high focus states in India. The study identifies three clusters with high under-five mortality rate including 30 districts, and advocates urgent attention.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Even after controlling the possible biophysical and geographical variables, the study reveals that the health program initiatives have a major role to play in reducing under-five mortality rate in the high focus states in India.
format	article
author	Chandan Kumar Prashant Kumar Singh Rajesh Kumar Rai
author_facet	Chandan Kumar Prashant Kumar Singh Rajesh Kumar Rai
author_sort	Chandan Kumar
title	Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.
title_short	Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.
title_full	Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.
title_fullStr	Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.
title_full_unstemmed	Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.
title_sort	under-five mortality in high focus states in india: a district level geospatial analysis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/41a697d077214ec988d00f956c5778fe
work_keys_str_mv	AT chandankumar underfivemortalityinhighfocusstatesinindiaadistrictlevelgeospatialanalysis AT prashantkumarsingh underfivemortalityinhighfocusstatesinindiaadistrictlevelgeospatialanalysis AT rajeshkumarrai underfivemortalityinhighfocusstatesinindiaadistrictlevelgeospatialanalysis
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Under-five mortality in high focus states in India: a district level geospatial analysis.

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