Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics

The architecture and tectono-magmatic evolution of the lithosphere of Europe are the result of a succession of subduction, rifting and inputs from plumes that have modified the lithospheric mantle since the Neoproterozoic (750–500 Ma). These events gave birth to contrasting crust-mantle and lithosph...

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Autores principales:	Mouthereau Frédéric, Angrand Paul, Jourdon Anthony, Ternois Sébastien, Fillon Charlotte, Calassou Sylvain, Chevrot Sébastien, Ford Mary, Jolivet Laurent, Manatschal Gianreto, Masini Emmanuel, Thinon Isabelle, Vidal Olivier, Baudin Thierry
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FR
Publicado:	EDP Sciences 2021
Materias:	lithosphere topography continent mantle geodynamics Geology QE1-996.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41c4c09f9553456ba13b45c3ad111c65
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41c4c09f9553456ba13b45c3ad111c652021-12-02T17:11:11ZCenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics1777-581710.1051/bsgf/2021040https://doaj.org/article/41c4c09f9553456ba13b45c3ad111c652021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.bsgf.fr/articles/bsgf/full_html/2021/01/bsgf210026/bsgf210026.htmlhttps://doaj.org/toc/1777-5817The architecture and tectono-magmatic evolution of the lithosphere of Europe are the result of a succession of subduction, rifting and inputs from plumes that have modified the lithospheric mantle since the Neoproterozoic (750–500 Ma). These events gave birth to contrasting crust-mantle and lithosphere-asthenosphere mechanical coupling between strong, viscous, thick, cold, depleted mantle of the Archean lithosphere of the West African Craton and the East European Craton, and the weak, low viscous, thin, hot and less depleted mantle of the Phanerozoic lithosphere of Central Europe. These differences were long-lived and explain the first-order present-day stresses and topography as well as the styles of orogenic deformation. The lack of thermal relaxation needed to maintain rheological contrasts over several hundreds of millions of years requires high mantle heat flux below Central Europe since at least the last 300 Ma. A combination of edge-driven convection on craton margins and asthenospheric flow triggered by rift propagation during the Atlantic and Tethys rifting is suggested to be the main source of heat. The topography of Central Europe remained in part dynamically supported during most of the Mesozoic thinning in line with the long-term stability of thermal-mechanical structure of the lithosphere. Timing and rates of exhumation recorded across Western Europe during convergence indicate that an additional control by the architecture of Mesozoic rifted margins is required. By 50 Ma the acceleration of orogenic exhumation, from the High Atlas to the Pyrenees, occurred synchronously with the onset of extension and magmatism in the West European Rift. Extension marks the onset of distinct orogenic evolution between Western Europe (Iberia) and the Alps (Adria) in the east, heralding the opening of the Western Mediterranean. A major kinematic re-organisation occurred triggering the involvement of more buoyant and thicker portions of rifted margins resulting in widespread orogenic growth. We conclude that conceptual models of collision require to better account for the thermo-magmatic evolution of the continental lithosphere, especially the original architecture and composition of its mantle, as well as the precise knowledge of the architecture of the rifted margins to explain the timing and rates of orogenic topography.Mouthereau FrédéricAngrand PaulJourdon AnthonyTernois SébastienFillon CharlotteCalassou SylvainChevrot SébastienFord MaryJolivet LaurentManatschal GianretoMasini EmmanuelThinon IsabelleVidal OlivierBaudin ThierryEDP SciencesarticlelithospheretopographycontinentmantlegeodynamicsGeologyQE1-996.5ENFRBSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin, Vol 192, p 56 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FR
topic	lithosphere topography continent mantle geodynamics Geology QE1-996.5
spellingShingle	lithosphere topography continent mantle geodynamics Geology QE1-996.5 Mouthereau Frédéric Angrand Paul Jourdon Anthony Ternois Sébastien Fillon Charlotte Calassou Sylvain Chevrot Sébastien Ford Mary Jolivet Laurent Manatschal Gianreto Masini Emmanuel Thinon Isabelle Vidal Olivier Baudin Thierry Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
description	The architecture and tectono-magmatic evolution of the lithosphere of Europe are the result of a succession of subduction, rifting and inputs from plumes that have modified the lithospheric mantle since the Neoproterozoic (750–500 Ma). These events gave birth to contrasting crust-mantle and lithosphere-asthenosphere mechanical coupling between strong, viscous, thick, cold, depleted mantle of the Archean lithosphere of the West African Craton and the East European Craton, and the weak, low viscous, thin, hot and less depleted mantle of the Phanerozoic lithosphere of Central Europe. These differences were long-lived and explain the first-order present-day stresses and topography as well as the styles of orogenic deformation. The lack of thermal relaxation needed to maintain rheological contrasts over several hundreds of millions of years requires high mantle heat flux below Central Europe since at least the last 300 Ma. A combination of edge-driven convection on craton margins and asthenospheric flow triggered by rift propagation during the Atlantic and Tethys rifting is suggested to be the main source of heat. The topography of Central Europe remained in part dynamically supported during most of the Mesozoic thinning in line with the long-term stability of thermal-mechanical structure of the lithosphere. Timing and rates of exhumation recorded across Western Europe during convergence indicate that an additional control by the architecture of Mesozoic rifted margins is required. By 50 Ma the acceleration of orogenic exhumation, from the High Atlas to the Pyrenees, occurred synchronously with the onset of extension and magmatism in the West European Rift. Extension marks the onset of distinct orogenic evolution between Western Europe (Iberia) and the Alps (Adria) in the east, heralding the opening of the Western Mediterranean. A major kinematic re-organisation occurred triggering the involvement of more buoyant and thicker portions of rifted margins resulting in widespread orogenic growth. We conclude that conceptual models of collision require to better account for the thermo-magmatic evolution of the continental lithosphere, especially the original architecture and composition of its mantle, as well as the precise knowledge of the architecture of the rifted margins to explain the timing and rates of orogenic topography.
format	article
author	Mouthereau Frédéric Angrand Paul Jourdon Anthony Ternois Sébastien Fillon Charlotte Calassou Sylvain Chevrot Sébastien Ford Mary Jolivet Laurent Manatschal Gianreto Masini Emmanuel Thinon Isabelle Vidal Olivier Baudin Thierry
author_facet	Mouthereau Frédéric Angrand Paul Jourdon Anthony Ternois Sébastien Fillon Charlotte Calassou Sylvain Chevrot Sébastien Ford Mary Jolivet Laurent Manatschal Gianreto Masini Emmanuel Thinon Isabelle Vidal Olivier Baudin Thierry
author_sort	Mouthereau Frédéric
title	Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
title_short	Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
title_full	Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
title_fullStr	Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
title_full_unstemmed	Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
title_sort	cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in western europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics
publisher	EDP Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41c4c09f9553456ba13b45c3ad111c65
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Cenozoic mountain building and topographic evolution in Western Europe: impact of billions of years of lithosphere evolution and plate kinematics

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