FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma

Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BC) is a common, recurrent, life-threatening, and unpredictable disease which is difficult to diagnose. These features make it one of the costliest malignancies. Although many possible diagnostic methods are available, molecular heterogeneity and difficulties in cytolog...

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Autores principales:	Monika Kujdowicz, Brygida Mech, Karolina Chrabaszcz, Piotr Chlosta, Krzysztof Okon, Kamilla Malek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bladder carcinoma infrared spectroscopic imaging diagnostics cytology Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41d5efa9b89a407c8d0417ca98efe1a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41d5efa9b89a407c8d0417ca98efe1a92021-11-25T17:03:23ZFTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma10.3390/cancers132257342072-6694https://doaj.org/article/41d5efa9b89a407c8d0417ca98efe1a92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5734https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BC) is a common, recurrent, life-threatening, and unpredictable disease which is difficult to diagnose. These features make it one of the costliest malignancies. Although many possible diagnostic methods are available, molecular heterogeneity and difficulties in cytological or histological examination induce an urgent need to improve diagnostic techniques. Herein, we applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in imaging mode (FTIR) to investigate patients’ cytology samples assigned to normal (N), low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) BC. With unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (UHCA) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, we observed a correlation between N cell types and morphology. High-glycogen superficial (umbrella) and low-glycogen piriform urothelial cells, both with normal morphology, were observed. Based on the spectra derived from UHCA, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed, indicating a variation of protein content between the patient groups. Moreover, BC spectral cytology identified a low number of high-glycogen cells for which a shift of the carbohydrate/phosphate bands was also observed. Despite high cellular heterogeneity, PLS-DA was able to classify the spectra obtained. The voided urine FTIR cytology is one of the options that might be helpful in BC diagnosis, as high sensitivity and specificity up to 97% were determined.Monika KujdowiczBrygida MechKarolina ChrabaszczPiotr ChlostaKrzysztof OkonKamilla MalekMDPI AGarticlebladder carcinomainfrared spectroscopic imagingdiagnosticscytologyNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5734, p 5734 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bladder carcinoma infrared spectroscopic imaging diagnostics cytology Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	bladder carcinoma infrared spectroscopic imaging diagnostics cytology Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Monika Kujdowicz Brygida Mech Karolina Chrabaszcz Piotr Chlosta Krzysztof Okon Kamilla Malek FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma
description	Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BC) is a common, recurrent, life-threatening, and unpredictable disease which is difficult to diagnose. These features make it one of the costliest malignancies. Although many possible diagnostic methods are available, molecular heterogeneity and difficulties in cytological or histological examination induce an urgent need to improve diagnostic techniques. Herein, we applied Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in imaging mode (FTIR) to investigate patients’ cytology samples assigned to normal (N), low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) BC. With unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (UHCA) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, we observed a correlation between N cell types and morphology. High-glycogen superficial (umbrella) and low-glycogen piriform urothelial cells, both with normal morphology, were observed. Based on the spectra derived from UHCA, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed, indicating a variation of protein content between the patient groups. Moreover, BC spectral cytology identified a low number of high-glycogen cells for which a shift of the carbohydrate/phosphate bands was also observed. Despite high cellular heterogeneity, PLS-DA was able to classify the spectra obtained. The voided urine FTIR cytology is one of the options that might be helpful in BC diagnosis, as high sensitivity and specificity up to 97% were determined.
format	article
author	Monika Kujdowicz Brygida Mech Karolina Chrabaszcz Piotr Chlosta Krzysztof Okon Kamilla Malek
author_facet	Monika Kujdowicz Brygida Mech Karolina Chrabaszcz Piotr Chlosta Krzysztof Okon Kamilla Malek
author_sort	Monika Kujdowicz
title	FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma
title_short	FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma
title_full	FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma
title_fullStr	FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed	FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma
title_sort	ftir spectroscopic imaging supports urine cytology for classification of low- and high-grade bladder carcinoma
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41d5efa9b89a407c8d0417ca98efe1a9
work_keys_str_mv	AT monikakujdowicz ftirspectroscopicimagingsupportsurinecytologyforclassificationoflowandhighgradebladdercarcinoma AT brygidamech ftirspectroscopicimagingsupportsurinecytologyforclassificationoflowandhighgradebladdercarcinoma AT karolinachrabaszcz ftirspectroscopicimagingsupportsurinecytologyforclassificationoflowandhighgradebladdercarcinoma AT piotrchlosta ftirspectroscopicimagingsupportsurinecytologyforclassificationoflowandhighgradebladdercarcinoma AT krzysztofokon ftirspectroscopicimagingsupportsurinecytologyforclassificationoflowandhighgradebladdercarcinoma AT kamillamalek ftirspectroscopicimagingsupportsurinecytologyforclassificationoflowandhighgradebladdercarcinoma
_version_	1718412771159179264

FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging Supports Urine Cytology for Classification of Low- and High-Grade Bladder Carcinoma

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