Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invas...

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Autores principales:	Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua, Juliette Tranchot-Diallo, Issaka Zongo, Nongodo Firmin Kabore, Frédéric Nikièma, Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga, Halidou Tinto, Daniel Chandramohan, Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo, Brian Greenwood, Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41e8ce37960c4be49ec2c55a9ad53fde
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41e8ce37960c4be49ec2c55a9ad53fde2021-12-02T20:17:00ZImpact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257190https://doaj.org/article/41e8ce37960c4be49ec2c55a9ad53fde2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257190https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which are often implicated in respiratory infections in children. However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778 children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393 after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from 13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01], p = 0.020). Azithromycin resistance found in isolates of S. aureus did not differ significantly before and after intervention (26.42% [14/53] vs 16.46% [13/79], (PR = 0.62 [0.32; 1.23], p = 0.172). Penicillin resistance was very pronounced, 88.68% and 96.20% in pre-intervention and in post-intervention isolates respectively, but very little Methicillin Resistance (MRSA) was detected (2 cases before and 2 cases after intervention). Monitoring antibiotic resistance in S. aureus and other bacteria is especially important in Burkina Faso due to unregulated consumption of antibiotics putting children and others at risk.Soumeya Hema-OuangraouaJuliette Tranchot-DialloIssaka ZongoNongodo Firmin KaboreFrédéric NikièmaRakiswende Serge YerbangaHalidou TintoDaniel ChandramohanGeorges-Anicet OuedraogoBrian GreenwoodJean-Bosco OuedraogoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257190 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua Juliette Tranchot-Diallo Issaka Zongo Nongodo Firmin Kabore Frédéric Nikièma Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Halidou Tinto Daniel Chandramohan Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo Brian Greenwood Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.
description	Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which are often implicated in respiratory infections in children. However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778 children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393 after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from 13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01], p = 0.020). Azithromycin resistance found in isolates of S. aureus did not differ significantly before and after intervention (26.42% [14/53] vs 16.46% [13/79], (PR = 0.62 [0.32; 1.23], p = 0.172). Penicillin resistance was very pronounced, 88.68% and 96.20% in pre-intervention and in post-intervention isolates respectively, but very little Methicillin Resistance (MRSA) was detected (2 cases before and 2 cases after intervention). Monitoring antibiotic resistance in S. aureus and other bacteria is especially important in Burkina Faso due to unregulated consumption of antibiotics putting children and others at risk.
format	article
author	Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua Juliette Tranchot-Diallo Issaka Zongo Nongodo Firmin Kabore Frédéric Nikièma Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Halidou Tinto Daniel Chandramohan Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo Brian Greenwood Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
author_facet	Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua Juliette Tranchot-Diallo Issaka Zongo Nongodo Firmin Kabore Frédéric Nikièma Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Halidou Tinto Daniel Chandramohan Georges-Anicet Ouedraogo Brian Greenwood Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
author_sort	Soumeya Hema-Ouangraoua
title	Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.
title_short	Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.
title_full	Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.
title_fullStr	Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.
title_sort	impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of staphylococcus aureus.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41e8ce37960c4be49ec2c55a9ad53fde
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Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus.

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