The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort

Natalia Mussi, Waqas Haque, Danielle M Robertson Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USACorrespondence: Danielle M RobertsonDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 7...

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Autores principales:	Mussi N, Haque W, Robertson DM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	meibomian gland disease cholesterol fasting blood sugar dry eye metabolic syndrome Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41ef514c7ad94a078b1cce353ceacfdd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41ef514c7ad94a078b1cce353ceacfdd2021-12-02T14:55:16ZThe Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/41ef514c7ad94a078b1cce353ceacfdd2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-association-between-risk-factors-for-metabolic-syndrome-and-meibom-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Natalia Mussi, Waqas Haque, Danielle M Robertson Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USACorrespondence: Danielle M RobertsonDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USAEmail Danielle.Robertson@UTSouthwestern.eduPurpose: Risk factors for metabolic syndrome include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglycerides and/or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hyperglycemia. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome have been associated with dry eye disease; however, their association with meibomian gland disease (MGD), a subtype of dry eye, is unclear. In the present study, we investigated risk factors for metabolic syndrome in a dry eye cohort with and without MGD.Methods: This retrospective case-control study evaluated electronic medical records at a major urban outpatient medical center to identify patients with a known diagnosis of dry eye disease with and without MGD. Males and females were matched for age, smoking status, race, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Patient demographics, anthropometric measurements, medical history, clinical findings, and serologies were analyzed. A diagnosis of MGD was based on clinical signs noted in the medical record.Results: MGD was not associated with BMI, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hyperlipidemia in this dry eye cohort. MGD was associated with male sex and increasing age. While increasing age was weakly correlated with decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum lipid levels were not associated with MGD.Conclusion: Importantly, we found that risk factors for metabolic syndrome are not specifically associated with an increase in MGD when compared to non-MGD dry eye subjects. While risk factors for metabolic syndrome are associated with dry eye disease, they likely reflect a chronic systemic state of low-grade inflammation that negatively impacts the function of both lacrimal and meibomian glands.Keywords: meibomian gland disease, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, dry eye, metabolic syndromeMussi NHaque WRobertson DMDove Medical Pressarticlemeibomian gland diseasecholesterolfasting blood sugardry eyemetabolic syndromeOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 15, Pp 3821-3832 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	meibomian gland disease cholesterol fasting blood sugar dry eye metabolic syndrome Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	meibomian gland disease cholesterol fasting blood sugar dry eye metabolic syndrome Ophthalmology RE1-994 Mussi N Haque W Robertson DM The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort
description	Natalia Mussi, Waqas Haque, Danielle M Robertson Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USACorrespondence: Danielle M RobertsonDepartment of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USAEmail Danielle.Robertson@UTSouthwestern.eduPurpose: Risk factors for metabolic syndrome include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglycerides and/or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hyperglycemia. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome have been associated with dry eye disease; however, their association with meibomian gland disease (MGD), a subtype of dry eye, is unclear. In the present study, we investigated risk factors for metabolic syndrome in a dry eye cohort with and without MGD.Methods: This retrospective case-control study evaluated electronic medical records at a major urban outpatient medical center to identify patients with a known diagnosis of dry eye disease with and without MGD. Males and females were matched for age, smoking status, race, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Patient demographics, anthropometric measurements, medical history, clinical findings, and serologies were analyzed. A diagnosis of MGD was based on clinical signs noted in the medical record.Results: MGD was not associated with BMI, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hyperlipidemia in this dry eye cohort. MGD was associated with male sex and increasing age. While increasing age was weakly correlated with decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum lipid levels were not associated with MGD.Conclusion: Importantly, we found that risk factors for metabolic syndrome are not specifically associated with an increase in MGD when compared to non-MGD dry eye subjects. While risk factors for metabolic syndrome are associated with dry eye disease, they likely reflect a chronic systemic state of low-grade inflammation that negatively impacts the function of both lacrimal and meibomian glands.Keywords: meibomian gland disease, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, dry eye, metabolic syndrome
format	article
author	Mussi N Haque W Robertson DM
author_facet	Mussi N Haque W Robertson DM
author_sort	Mussi N
title	The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort
title_short	The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort
title_full	The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort
title_fullStr	The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort
title_full_unstemmed	The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort
title_sort	association between risk factors for metabolic syndrome and meibomian gland disease in a dry eye cohort
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/41ef514c7ad94a078b1cce353ceacfdd
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The Association Between Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome and Meibomian Gland Disease in a Dry Eye Cohort

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