Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise

ABSTRACT The microorganisms of the vaginal tract are critical for vaginal and reproductive health. However, the regulation of these microorganisms is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether different factors regulate the vaginal microbiota of healthy college-aged women (n = 26) with...

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Autores principales:	Stephanie D. Song, Kalpana D. Acharya, Jade E. Zhu, Christen M. Deveney, Marina R. S. Walther-Antonio, Marc J. Tetel, Nicholas Chia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	estrogens lactobacillus menstrual cycle microbiome progesterone time-longitudinal analysis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41f07ed9ebd1494cb759a41063094f72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41f07ed9ebd1494cb759a41063094f722021-11-15T15:30:51ZDaily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise10.1128/mSphere.00593-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/41f07ed9ebd1494cb759a41063094f722020-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00593-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT The microorganisms of the vaginal tract are critical for vaginal and reproductive health. However, the regulation of these microorganisms is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether different factors regulate the vaginal microbiota of healthy college-aged women (n = 26) with high temporal resolution by collecting daily self-administered vaginal swabs and using 16S rRNA sequencing for bacterial identification. As expected, vaginal microbiota clustered into five predefined community state types. Vaginal microbial diversity, stability, and Lactobacillus abundances were associated with the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use. Vaginal microbial diversity, as measured using the Shannon index, increased during menses (P < 0.001), while Lactobacillus abundances decreased (P = 0.01). The covariance of these microbial measures with previously established estradiol levels suggests that estrogens can regulate vaginal microbiota. Moreover, the use of hormonal contraceptives may alter the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota and decrease Lactobacillus abundances, depending on hormonal content and release method. Interestingly, intrasample diversity was greater in participants on a vegetarian diet (P = 0.004) and among participants who exercised more (P = 0.04). These findings indicate that ovarian hormones, diet, and exercise can regulate vaginal microbial composition and stability and may impact vaginal and reproductive health. IMPORTANCE The vaginal microbiome is a critical component of women’s sexual and reproductive health, with variations in microbial composition, particularly the loss of Lactobacillus species, being implicated in gynecologic and obstetric diseases. Given that the vaginal microbiome is so crucial, why do vaginal microbial profiles vary strikingly from person to person and even change over time within the same person? In the present study, which tracked the daily vaginal microbiomes of young healthy women through different lifestyles, we found that use of a locally released progestin contraceptive, a vegetarian diet, and intense exercise appear to lead to vaginal microbiome alterations and loss of Lactobacillus species. The impact of these vaginal microbiome changes on immediate and long-term health remain to be investigated.Stephanie D. SongKalpana D. AcharyaJade E. ZhuChristen M. DeveneyMarina R. S. Walther-AntonioMarc J. TetelNicholas ChiaAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleestrogenslactobacillusmenstrual cyclemicrobiomeprogesteronetime-longitudinal analysisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 4 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	estrogens lactobacillus menstrual cycle microbiome progesterone time-longitudinal analysis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	estrogens lactobacillus menstrual cycle microbiome progesterone time-longitudinal analysis Microbiology QR1-502 Stephanie D. Song Kalpana D. Acharya Jade E. Zhu Christen M. Deveney Marina R. S. Walther-Antonio Marc J. Tetel Nicholas Chia Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
description	ABSTRACT The microorganisms of the vaginal tract are critical for vaginal and reproductive health. However, the regulation of these microorganisms is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether different factors regulate the vaginal microbiota of healthy college-aged women (n = 26) with high temporal resolution by collecting daily self-administered vaginal swabs and using 16S rRNA sequencing for bacterial identification. As expected, vaginal microbiota clustered into five predefined community state types. Vaginal microbial diversity, stability, and Lactobacillus abundances were associated with the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use. Vaginal microbial diversity, as measured using the Shannon index, increased during menses (P < 0.001), while Lactobacillus abundances decreased (P = 0.01). The covariance of these microbial measures with previously established estradiol levels suggests that estrogens can regulate vaginal microbiota. Moreover, the use of hormonal contraceptives may alter the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota and decrease Lactobacillus abundances, depending on hormonal content and release method. Interestingly, intrasample diversity was greater in participants on a vegetarian diet (P = 0.004) and among participants who exercised more (P = 0.04). These findings indicate that ovarian hormones, diet, and exercise can regulate vaginal microbial composition and stability and may impact vaginal and reproductive health. IMPORTANCE The vaginal microbiome is a critical component of women’s sexual and reproductive health, with variations in microbial composition, particularly the loss of Lactobacillus species, being implicated in gynecologic and obstetric diseases. Given that the vaginal microbiome is so crucial, why do vaginal microbial profiles vary strikingly from person to person and even change over time within the same person? In the present study, which tracked the daily vaginal microbiomes of young healthy women through different lifestyles, we found that use of a locally released progestin contraceptive, a vegetarian diet, and intense exercise appear to lead to vaginal microbiome alterations and loss of Lactobacillus species. The impact of these vaginal microbiome changes on immediate and long-term health remain to be investigated.
format	article
author	Stephanie D. Song Kalpana D. Acharya Jade E. Zhu Christen M. Deveney Marina R. S. Walther-Antonio Marc J. Tetel Nicholas Chia
author_facet	Stephanie D. Song Kalpana D. Acharya Jade E. Zhu Christen M. Deveney Marina R. S. Walther-Antonio Marc J. Tetel Nicholas Chia
author_sort	Stephanie D. Song
title	Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
title_short	Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
title_full	Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
title_fullStr	Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
title_full_unstemmed	Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise
title_sort	daily vaginal microbiota fluctuations associated with natural hormonal cycle, contraceptives, diet, and exercise
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/41f07ed9ebd1494cb759a41063094f72
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Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise

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