Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation

Abstract Litter is essential to promote nutrient cycling and maintain the sustainability of forest resources. However, its variability has not been sufficiently studied at the local scale. The prediction of litter amount using ordinary cokriging with Pearson correlation analysis (COKP) and ordinary...

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Autores principales:	Qianqian Qin, Haiyan Wang, Xiangdong Lei, Xiang Li, Yalin Xie, Yonglin Zheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2020
Materias:	cokriging kriging litter amount principal component analysis Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/41f1be7a393746f4b5e1d545816a2db2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:41f1be7a393746f4b5e1d545816a2db22021-11-04T13:06:09ZSpatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation2045-775810.1002/ece3.5934https://doaj.org/article/41f1be7a393746f4b5e1d545816a2db22020-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5934https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract Litter is essential to promote nutrient cycling and maintain the sustainability of forest resources. However, its variability has not been sufficiently studied at the local scale. The prediction of litter amount using ordinary cokriging with Pearson correlation analysis (COKP) and ordinary cokriging with principal component analysis (COKPCA) was compared with that using ordinary kriging (OK) based on cross‐validation at the local scale of a 1‐ha plot over natural spruce–fir mixed forest in Jilin Province, China. Litter samples in semidecomposed (F) and complete decomposed (H) horizons were collected using an equidistant grid point sampling of 10 m × 10 m. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to confirm auxiliary variables. The results showed that the amount of litter was 19.65 t/ha in the F horizon and 10.37 t/ha in the H horizon. The spatial structure variance ratio in the H horizon was smaller than that in the F horizon, indicative of its stronger spatial autocorrelation. Spatial distributions of litter amount in both horizons exhibited a patchy and heterogeneous pattern. Of the selected stand characteristics and litter properties, litter moisture content indicated the strongest relationship with litter amount. Cross‐validation revealed that COKPCA using the comprehensive score as an auxiliary variable produced the most accurate map. The average standard error and root‐mean‐square error between the predicted and measured values were always smaller, the mean error and mean standardized error were much closer to 0, and the root‐mean‐square standardized error was closer to 1 than COKP using litter moisture and OK. Therefore, a clear advantage of cokriging based on principal component analysis was observed and COKPCA was found to be a very useful approach for further interpolation prediction.Qianqian QinHaiyan WangXiangdong LeiXiang LiYalin XieYonglin ZhengWileyarticlecokrigingkriginglitter amountprincipal component analysisEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 778-790 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cokriging kriging litter amount principal component analysis Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	cokriging kriging litter amount principal component analysis Ecology QH540-549.5 Qianqian Qin Haiyan Wang Xiangdong Lei Xiang Li Yalin Xie Yonglin Zheng Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
description	Abstract Litter is essential to promote nutrient cycling and maintain the sustainability of forest resources. However, its variability has not been sufficiently studied at the local scale. The prediction of litter amount using ordinary cokriging with Pearson correlation analysis (COKP) and ordinary cokriging with principal component analysis (COKPCA) was compared with that using ordinary kriging (OK) based on cross‐validation at the local scale of a 1‐ha plot over natural spruce–fir mixed forest in Jilin Province, China. Litter samples in semidecomposed (F) and complete decomposed (H) horizons were collected using an equidistant grid point sampling of 10 m × 10 m. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to confirm auxiliary variables. The results showed that the amount of litter was 19.65 t/ha in the F horizon and 10.37 t/ha in the H horizon. The spatial structure variance ratio in the H horizon was smaller than that in the F horizon, indicative of its stronger spatial autocorrelation. Spatial distributions of litter amount in both horizons exhibited a patchy and heterogeneous pattern. Of the selected stand characteristics and litter properties, litter moisture content indicated the strongest relationship with litter amount. Cross‐validation revealed that COKPCA using the comprehensive score as an auxiliary variable produced the most accurate map. The average standard error and root‐mean‐square error between the predicted and measured values were always smaller, the mean error and mean standardized error were much closer to 0, and the root‐mean‐square standardized error was closer to 1 than COKP using litter moisture and OK. Therefore, a clear advantage of cokriging based on principal component analysis was observed and COKPCA was found to be a very useful approach for further interpolation prediction.
format	article
author	Qianqian Qin Haiyan Wang Xiangdong Lei Xiang Li Yalin Xie Yonglin Zheng
author_facet	Qianqian Qin Haiyan Wang Xiangdong Lei Xiang Li Yalin Xie Yonglin Zheng
author_sort	Qianqian Qin
title	Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
title_short	Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
title_full	Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
title_fullStr	Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
title_sort	spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern china: kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/41f1be7a393746f4b5e1d545816a2db2
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Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation

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